人工歯の咬合様式が咀嚼機能に及ぼす影響

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  • Effect of Occlusal System of Artificial Teeth on Masticatory Function

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Various types of artificial teeth have been developed for the purpose of recovering masticatory ability in complete dentures. For denture wearers, it is very important for artificial teeth to have a high level of masticatory performance and also for the artificial teeth to harmonize with the denture wearers' masticatory function. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of various artificial teeth and occlusion on masticatory function. First, experimental dentures were made which could accomodate four types of artificial molars. These types of occlusion examined were full balanced occlusion (F. B.), lingualized occlusion (L. O.), non-balanced occlusion (0°) and modified 0 degree teeth with a metal cone at first molar to establish balanced occlusion (M. 0°). Next, masticatory performance of five subjects wearing these dentures was examined using artificial test food made of carnauba wax. Also, chewing rhythm and terminal masticatory area were examined during mastication of six kinds of food (boiled carrot, roast beef, fish cake, rice dumpling, sponge cake, and almond). The results were as follows : 1) Characteristics of physical properties of the artificial test food were similar to almond with texturometer. 2) Average masticatory performance in wearing the experimental dentures was 1.68±0.77kg・cm/g (min. 0.88kg・cm/g, max. 4.01kg・cm/g). 3) Masticatory performance of 0°type was higher than those of F. B. and L. O. types. M. 0°type was on a similar level with 0°type. 4) Chewing rhythm with 0°type showed irregularity as compared to F. B. or L. O. types, and M. 0°type was on a similar level with F. B. and L. Otypes. 5) Terminal masticatory area with M. 0°type was smaller than other types with the exception of fish cake. Especially on chewing roast beef which has high cohesiveness, statistics showed the M. 0°type's terminal masticatory area to be significantly smaller. 6) In Comparison of masticatory performance and terminal masticatory area, the subjects with high masticatory parformance showed a small terminal masticatory area. On the other hand, the subjects with low masticatory performance showed a large terminal masticatory area.

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