口腔および胃での亜硝酸塩代謝とケルセチン

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  • Metabolism of Nitrite in the Oral Cavity and the Stomach : Effects of a Dietry Component Quercetin on the Metabolism

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Nitrate is secreted from salivary glnads as a salivary component. Bacteria in the oral cavity reduce nitrate to nitrite. Nitrite was oxidized by salvary peroxidase and myeloperoxidase in the presence of H_2O_2, producing nitrogen dioxide which is a poweful oxidizing agent. Nitrogen dioxide participated in the nitration of a salivary component 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (HPA) and salivary proteins. The nitration reactions were suppressed by quercetin. These results suggest that proteins of tissues in the oral cavity can be nitrated injuring their functions when concentration of nitrite and H_2O_2 in the oral cavity is increased, and that quercetin can protect the proteins from the nitration. Salivary nitrite (pKa=3.3) is swallowed into the stomach (pH 1-2) to be protonated. Nitrous acid is unstable and during the decomposition, reactive nitrogen species like nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide are formed. Salivary nitrite was reduced to nitric oxide by salivary components and the reduction was enhanced by quercetin. These results suggest that phenolics like quercetin can enhance the formation of nitric oxide, which regulates mucosal blood flow, mucus formation and gastric motality, in the stomach inhibiting the reactive nitrogen-dependent injurement. It is known that phenolics like quercetin can scavenge reactive nitrogen species. The obtained results provide new aspects on the functions of quercetin in the oral cavity and the stomach.

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