地盤の液状化 : 地質コンサルタントの立場から  [in Japanese] Ground liquefaction : a comment by a geological consultant  [in Japanese]

It has long been known that ground sometimes undergoes liquefaction when major earthquakes occur. Research reports on many aspects of liquefaction, including areas where liquefaction occurs, the geological environment, the granular structure of sand that liquefies, state of compaction of sand layers and qualitative changes that occur when sand is subjected to vibration area vailable. Reports concerned exclusively with geological aspects provide interesting material for discussion, such as locations where damage occurred or the conditions of sedimentation. However, in order to reduce earthquake damage and plan future countermeasures, mere recording of phenomena is not sufficient. Research reports that cover the physical properties ofs and layers, engineering countermeasures against liquefaction, etc. are necessary.