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Abstract
中央構造線(MTL)は西南口本を南北に二分する主要な地質構造線である。この断層は第四紀における日本で最大級の右横ずれ活断層でもある。その活発な活動度にも拘らず, MTLに沿っては歴史地震の発生は知られていない。長期的な地震予知や災害アセスメントに有効な最近の地質時代における断層の運動史を知るため, 1988年の夏中央構造線活断層系の一部である西条市近傍の岡村断層でトレンチ発掘調査を行なった。5つの小トレンチとそれらを繋ぐ細長い溝で構成される調査トレンチでは, 更新世末から歴史時代までの5つの地層ユニットと, それらの顕著な断層変位が認められた。各ユニットの堆積時期は地層中に含まれる有機物試料の^<14>C年代と土器片の考古学的編年によって決定された。断層は2000年前〜4世紀に堆積したIIIb層を切り, 7世紀以降に堆積したIIIc層に覆われるので最終活動時期は4〜7世紀と推定された。この値は1984年に行なわれた同じ断層の発掘調査結果と一致する。また, これ以外の断層活動時期も地層の不整合や変形構造に基づいて識別された。
The Median Tectonic Line (MTL) is the major tectonic boundary dividing Southwest Japan into north and south. It is also one of the most active fault with right lateral-slip component during the Quaternary in Japan. In spite of its high slip-rate, the occurrence of large earthquake was historically unknown along the MTL. In order to reveal the fault behavior in the recent geological period that is very important for the long-term earthquake prediction and the hazard assessment, the trench excavation study was conducted on the Okamura fault of the MTL active fault system in the summer of 1988. Five trenches connected each other by one long ditch display the five geological units ranging from the late Pleistocene to historical time and remarkable fault displacement of them on the trench walls. The ages of these units were estimated by the radio-carbon dating of the organic samples and the archaeological chronology of pottery fragments included in each geological units. The unfaulted layer IIIc (younger than the 7th century) and the youngest faulted layer IIIb (2 ka〜the 4 th century) suggest that the latest seismic event of the Okamura fault occurred in the 4th to 7th centuries. This estimation accords with the result of the 1984 excavation survey of the same fault. Other seismic events caused by the Okamura fault were distinguished from the trench walls by several geological evidences such as the unconformity and deformed structure of the layers.
Journal
- The memoirs of the Geological Society of Japan [List of Volumes]
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The memoirs of the Geological Society of Japan (40), 129-142, 1992-12-15 [Table of Contents]
The Geological Society of Japan