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Abstract
新生代東北本州弧における火山岩組成の時間的・空間的変遷を検討した結果, それらを供給した島弧下マントルウェッジには3種の起源マントル物質, (1) エンリッチした大陸性マントルリンスフェア, (2) 島弧性最上部マントルリソスフェア, (3) 枯渇した島弧性アセノスフェアが存在していたことが確認された。東北本州弧, 陸弧活動期(〜21 Ma)には, 大陸性マントルリンスフェアが特に背弧側マグマ起源マントルを構成しており, その上部の最上部マントルに地球化学的不均質性の著しい(島弧性)最上部マントルリンスフェアが分布していた。背弧海盆拡大に関連して, 背弧側深部に島弧性の枯渇したアセノスフェアが侵入し, 背弧側のマントル内温度が上昇した結果, 背弧側最上部マントルを構成していた島弧性マントルリソスフェアが溶融して, 火山弧を火山フロント側から背弧側へと横切る広域組成変化傾向が不明瞭となった。その後, 背弧側マントルの温度低下と, 火山フロント側最上部マントルの温度上昇が続き, 背弧側ではより深部に位置していた, 枯渇した島弧性スピネルカンラン岩質アセノスフェアに由来するマグマが分離上昇を始め, 火山フロント側ではよりエンリッチした斜長石を含むカンラン岩からなる, 最上部マントルリンスフェア由来の低アルカリソレアイトが分離上昇して, 第四紀火山活動を特徴づける組成の広域変化が形成された。第四紀における火山フロント側および背弧側マグマ起源マントルはそれぞれ, マントルウェッジ内で地震学的に認められる火山フロント側低速度域と背弧側低速度域に対応している。両者の間には組成不均質性があり, 中期中新世以降, 少なくとも同位体組成的には均質化していない。
The NE Honshu arc has the most completely studied Cenozoic section. In this section, there are three volcanic periods; continental margin volcanic period (CVP) from 66 to 21 Ma, back-arc basin volcanic period (BVP) from 21 to 12 Ma, and island arc volcanic period (IVP) from 12 to 0 Ma. SiO_2-normalized alkali contents of the Cenozoic volcanics were plotted to the distance from the Quaternary volcanic front. In the CVP, the increment of alkali content was gentle to the back-arc side, and higher in abundance. In the BVP, there was a minimum of alkali content at near Japan Sea coast. The incremental gradient became steeper, and lower in abundance at the volcanic front in the IVP. Based on the experimental results of Tatsumi et al. (1983), we estimated the depth of magma segregation, that is, the 1320℃ isotherms from its alkali contents. In the BVP, the isotherm had a maximum at near Japan Sea coast. This may reflect the higher temperature at back-arc side owing to the back-arc basin opening. The subsidence of the back-arc region occurred being attributed to the cooling of the injected hot asthenosphere and subarc lithosphere was started at 14.5 Ma (Yamaji, 1990). In the IVP, the slope of isotherm became deeper to the back-arc side. SiO_2-normalized compositions of in compatible elements of the Cenozoic volcanics were calculated using empirical equations. All of the MORB-normalized patterns show the characteristics of subduction related magmas. The reciprocal data of the incompatible elements correlate inversely with SiO_2-normalized alkali contents, and suggest that the presence of three types of source mantles in Cenozoic NE Honshu arc; the sub-continental lithospheric mantle, the subarc lithospheric mantle, and subarc asthenospheric mantle. The presence of mantle heterogeneity between the volcanic front side and the back-arc side was shown in the process identification diagrams for the volcanic rocks of the IVP. The two source mantles can be mineralogically heterogeneous, and vertically layered. Increasing segregation depth of basaltic magmas cross the layer boundary resulting in lateral variations in incompatible elements. The magmas of frontal volcanoes with high-^<87>Sr/^<86>Sr ratios are probably derived from the subarc lithospheric mantle located the uppermost of the mantle wedge. The magmas of back-arc volcanoes with low-^<87>Sr/^<86>Sr ratios seem to have derived from the underlying subarc asthenospheric depleted mantle. The heterogeneity is closely related to the seismic velocity structure with the localized low-velocity regions.
Journal
- The memoirs of the Geological Society of Japan [List of Volumes]
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The memoirs of the Geological Society of Japan (44), 263-308, 1995-11-30 [Table of Contents]
The Geological Society of Japan