Read/Search this Article
Abstract
マグマ溜りの上昇にともなって発生する地殻のドーム隆起と多角形のコールドロンを, マグマ溜りの形態やマグマの粘性に留意して, 模型実験により再現した。大型の遠心加速機を用いて1,000〜1,500 Gを模型に加えることにより, 十分な浮力の生じたマグマ溜りが上昇する。模型材料には, 油粘土(modelling clay)やシリコンパテを使用した。マグマ溜りの浮き上がりによって地表にドーム隆起が生じ, ドーム中心部には亀甲状の断裂が, その周辺には放射状の断裂が発達する。マグマ溜りの初期形態の違いによって断裂の発達領域に差が現れた。断裂の変位量が大きくなると, ドーム中心部に多角形の陥没カルデラが生じた。環状断裂は発生しなかった。また, 上昇するマグマの粘性が低い場合, 地表のドーム状隆起はほとんど観察されず, したがって断裂-陥没も形成されなかった。低粘性では地表を隆起させるほど剛性がないということであり, マグマ溜りは, 一般に考えられているほど液状ではないかもしれない。
Experimental deformation of plastic models under centrifuge acceleration revealed the formation of a polygonal cauldron after the crustal doming caused by diapiric ascent of a magma chamber. Plastic oil clay and play dough were used in the model to imitate the earth's crust and magma, respectively. Silicone putty was also used for simulating low viscousity magma. The model magma chamber begun to rise through the model crust at 1,000〜1,500 G of centrifuge acceleration and caused the surface dome accompanied with fractures. The dome size was nearly equal to horizontal diameter of the magma chamber. The ascent of the vertically elongated magma chamber mainly produced radial fractures. On the other hand, radial and polygonal fractures with minor displacements were formed on the dome caused by upwarping of the flat sheet chamber. The ascent of the equidimensional chamber produced reticulate fractures and the collapse caldera. This caldera showed a polygonal outline due to the margin constructed by the intersecting fractures. Arcuate fractures were not observed in these experiments. Namely, the circular caldera limited by ring fractures seemed not to be formed under the condition of the crustal doming. The low viscosity magma pierced the model crust and overflowed on the surface through a central vent. The surface doming and caldera collapse fracturing were not observed in this system. This result suggests that the low viscosity magma has not stiffness enough to produce the crustal doming with cauldron fracturing.
Journal
- The memoirs of the Geological Society of Japan [List of Volumes]
-
The memoirs of the Geological Society of Japan (34), 89-97, 1990-03-30 [Table of Contents]
The Geological Society of Japan