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Abstract
火山周囲の温泉-地熱系におけるヘリウム同位体比と二酸化炭素の炭素同位体比の地理的・時間的変動から, 地表付近でのマグマと地下水を含む地殻起源物質との相互作用について論じる。一般に温泉ガス中のヘリウム同位体比は試料採取点が火口から離れるに従って低下し, 二酸化炭素の炭素同位体比は上昇する。この傾向は火山体の下にマグマと試料採取点をつなぐある種のチャンネルがあることを示唆する。分散のモデルによるとヘリウム同位体比の火山周囲の分布から, ヘリウムの移動速度が一日に約1mと求まる。この値は, ヘリウムの定期測定によって明らかにされた火山噴火と同位体比の上昇との時間差により推定された移動速度1日に数十mに比べると小さい。火山ガスの二酸化炭素/^3He比と炭素同位体比とからMORB-typeのマントル起源の炭素について定量的に見積ることができる。島孤の火山ガスではこのようなマントル起源の炭素の割合はたかだか20%である。
Based on geographical and secular variations of helium and carbon isotopes at sites around active volcano, interactions between magmatic and crustal volatiles are discussed. Generally ^3He/^4He ratios of hot spring gases decrease with increase of distance from the central cone of the volcano to the sampling site. Similar variations of δ^<13>C values of CO_2 are found in some volcanic areas. This suggests that there are some channels of magmatic volatiles from the cone to the site beneath a volcanic edifice. According to the hydrodynamic dispersion model, af low velocity of magmatic helium is estimated to be about one m/day. It is possible to calculate the velocity based on the distance from the cone to the site and time lag between a volcanic eruption and correlated anomaly of helium isotopes. Estimated velocity of several tens m/day is significantly larger than that calculated by a dispersion model and may be attributable to gas phase tranfer of magmatic helium. Based on the CO_2/^3He ratio and δ^<13>C value of high temperature volcanic gas, quantitative estimate of the upper mantle derived carbon (MORB-type), subducted marine limestone and organic sedimentary carbon are given.
Journal
- The memoirs of the Geological Society of Japan [List of Volumes]
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The memoirs of the Geological Society of Japan (46), 83-90, 1996-09-20 [Table of Contents]
The Geological Society of Japan