水素同位体比から見たマグマの脱水プロセス : 雲仙1991年および富士山1707年噴火の例  [in Japanese] D/H variations during magma degassing : a case study for the Unzen 1991 and Mt. Fuji 1707 eruptions  [in Japanese]

Abstract

火山の噴火はマグマの脱ガス過程そのものである。脱水によってメルトの含水量が減少するとメルト中の水のspeciation (H_20分子およびOH基)が変化し, かつ水蒸気とメルトとの間の水素同位体分別も変化するために, 火山ガラスに含まれる水の濃度やそのD/H比は大きく変化する。流紋岩質火山の爆発的噴火による噴出物について含水量の低下とともに水素同位体比が急激に下がる例が知られている。本稿では1991-92年雲仙普賢岳および1707年富士山宝永噴火について噴出物の含水量と水素同位体比に基づいてマグマの脱水プロセスが考察された。雲仙火山ではマグマが地表近くに到達する以前にマグマに溶けていた大部分の水は失われており, ドーム直下の高粘性・高温の溶岩からの脱ガスは拡散によって行われ, 脱ガスの最終段階では含水量の低下とともに水素同位体比が増加したと解釈される。富士山1707年噴火のスコリア試料では, 噴火の末期に向かって含水量ならびに2価鉄/全鉄比の低下し, 水素同位体比が増加することが分かった。これはメルトが脱水する際に水の一部が2価鉄と反応し, H_2ガスになって系外に逃散したために水素同位体分別が生じたと解釈された。火山ガラスの含水量および水素同位体比の変化はマグマの脱ガス過程を見るのに非常に有効であるということができる。

D/H ratios of glasses from a single volcanic eruption can vary significantly as their water contents are reduced, because change is induced in the hydrogen isotopic fractionation between water vapor and water in the melt. In the case of rhyolitic eruptions, D/H ratios of glasses have been known to decrease sharply with the decreasing water contents. The degassing behavior of the dacitic and basaltic magmas was interpreted in terms of the water content and D/H ratios of the glassy samples from the 1991-1992 Unzen (dacite) and the 1707 Mt. Fuji (tholeiitic basalt) eruptions. The Unzen magma had lost most of its initial water (ca. 5wt. %) by the time when it emplaced just below the lava dome. Analysis of bombs, blocks and ashes from the pyroclastic flows shows that degassing from the highly viseous magma has likely proceeded by diffusion of water through half-solidified hot glass, resulting in the increase in D/H ratio with the decreasing water content of the discharged glasses. The scoria samples from the 1707 Mt. Fuji eruption showed the trend that D/H ratio increases while the Fe^<2+>/total Fe ratio decreases as water content lowers. This trend suggests that part of water escaped in the form of H_2 which had been produced by reaction of water with ferrous iron, since deuterium is highly depleted in H_2. Thus, a systematic variation in the water contents and D/H ratios of water in volcanic glasses is a powerful tool of investigating mag made gassing processes.

Journal

The memoirs of the Geological Society of Japan   [List of Volumes]

The memoirs of the Geological Society of Japan (46), 105-113, 1996-09-20  [Table of Contents]

The Geological Society of Japan

References:  41

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Codes

  • NII Article ID (NAID) :
    110003025944
  • NII NACSIS-CAT ID (NCID) :
    AN00141779
  • Text Lang :
    JPN
  • Article Type :
    Journal Article
  • ISSN :
    03858545
  • NDL Article ID :
    4066386
  • NDL Source Classification :
    ZM49(科学技術--地球科学--地質)
  • NDL Call No. :
    Z15-322
  • Databases :
    CJP  CJPref  NDL  NII-ELS