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Abstract
雲仙普賢岳火出で1991年から連続的に噴出したデイサイト中の磁鉄鉱斑晶の累帯構造を分析し, マグマ混合の時間スケールを見積もった。デイサイトは相対的に低温と高温の端成分マグマの混合によって形成されており, 低温端成分由来の磁鉄鉱斑晶は逆累帯構造を示す。逆累帯構造の元素拡散による均質化時間の計算から, 1991年5月から1993年5月までに噴出した混合デイサイトについてマグマ混合から噴出急冷までの時間を求めると, 噴出順序に拘わらず数ケ月と見積もられる。これは, マグマ混合が噴出の直前に, しかも継続的に起こっていたことを示している。低温端成分マグマは, 混合前後の物質収支から33〜56wt%以上の高結晶度を持つと見積もられ, 新焼噴火など以前の活動で地殻浅部に貫入した出残りマグマの可能性がある。このようなタイプのマグマ混合は貫入岩の冷却時間からはマグマの貫入と固結を繰り返す複成火山で一般的に起こり得ると考えられる。
Compositional zoning profiles of magnetite phenocrysts in the successively effused dacite of 1991〜 eruption in Unzen Fugendake volcano, Kyushu Japan, were analyzed to estimate time scale of magma mixing. The dacite was formed by mixing of relatively high- and low-temperature (T) end-member magmas. The magnetite phenocrysts derived from the low-T end-member magma are reversely zoned by the mixing with high-T magma. The diffusion pattern of the magnetite makes us possible to evaluate the time interval from magma mixing to quenching. For the mixed dacite erupted from May 1991 to May 1993, the typical diffusion time was estimated to be a few months regardless of the effused sequence for 2 yr. This indicates that the magma mixing had continuously occurred just prior to the effusion. Crystallinity of the low-T end-member magma is estimated by mass balance calculation during mixing to be more than 33-56 wt%. These observations lead to a model where in the highly crystallized remnant magma of the preceding activity had been mixed with the newly injected hot magma of similar bulk composition just prior to the effusion. The proposed eruption process implies that this type of magma mixing is a possible process in periodically erupting polygenetic volcanoes.
Journal
- The memoirs of the Geological Society of Japan [List of Volumes]
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The memoirs of the Geological Society of Japan (46), 127-138, 1996-09-20 [Table of Contents]
The Geological Society of Japan