海洋掘削によるプレートテクトニクスの証明  [in Japanese] Verification of the Plate Tectonics theory by deep sea drilling  [in Japanese]

    • 斎藤 常正 SAITO Tsunemasa
    • 東北大学大学院理学研究科地圏環境科学科 Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University

Abstract

1960年代後半, 地球科学の新しいパラダイムとして誕生したプレート・テクトニクス説は, 海洋底は中央海嶺で生産され, 海溝で沈み込むと説明する。この説が正しければ, 大西洋の海底地殻は海嶺の中軸でもっとも若く, 中央海嶺から離れるにしたがって古くなるはずである。1968年アフリカのセネガールを出港し, ブラジルのリオディジャネイロに向かったグローマー・チャレンジャー号の第3次航海は, 南緯30°線にそって大西洋中央海嶺の東西斜面の掘削を行い, いかなる論理的な疑問をはさむ余地が無いほどに大西洋は海洋底拡大の結果生まれたことを証明した。海嶺中軸をはさんで, 東斜面の2地点, 西斜面の7地点で掘削された堆積物中の石灰質浮遊性微化石による年代決定は, 大西洋の海嶺が, それぞれの方向に年に2cmの速度で拡大していることを示した。筆者は, この歴史的な航海に参加して浮遊性微化石の年代決定にあたったが, 微化石年代法の成立までの筆者の体験を回顧しながら, さまざまな研究が一つの仮説を理論へと高めて行った過程を論じている。

In the history of Earth sciences, the third leg of D/V Glomar Challenger through the South Atlantic is recorded to be the cruise which confirmed beyond any reasonable doubt that the Atlantic Ocean had formed by sea-floor spreading. This leg traversed the mid-Atlantic Ridge along 30° South latitude and recovered sediments from eight drilling sites. Abundant calcareous planktonic microfossils were used to assign geological ages to the sediments in the core. When the distances of each drilling site to the ridge axis are compared with the paleontological ages of the sediment lying immediately above the basalt basement at each site, a clearly linear relationship did emerge, corresponding to a spreadding half-rate of 2cm/year. The resulted agreement between the pale-ontological and magnetic estimates of sea-floor spreading is regarded as strong support for the hypothesis of sea-floor spreading and the concept of magnetic stratigraphy. The present author's personal experiences during the course of formulating planktonic foraminiferal biochronologies are also chronicled in order to give younger generations of earth scientists some feelings about the excitement that engulfed the ocean science community when the ocean drilling project was launched in the year 1968.

Journal

The memoirs of the Geological Society of Japan   [List of Volumes]

The memoirs of the Geological Society of Japan (49), 33-42, 1998-03-27  [Table of Contents]

The Geological Society of Japan

References:  33

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Cited by:  2

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Codes

  • NII Article ID (NAID) :
    110003025992
  • NII NACSIS-CAT ID (NCID) :
    AN00141779
  • Text Lang :
    JPN
  • Article Type :
    Journal Article
  • ISSN :
    03858545
  • NDL Article ID :
    4917733
  • NDL Source Classification :
    ZM49(科学技術--地球科学--地質)
  • NDL Call No. :
    Z15-322
  • Databases :
    CJP  CJPref  NDL  NII-ELS