Mating Success of Small Sized Males of Japanese Stag Beetle Prosopocoilus dissimilis okinawanus Nomura

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  • SHIOKAWA Taro
    Entomological Laboratory, College of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus
  • IWAHASHI Osamu
    Entomological Laboratory, College of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus

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  • オキナワノコギリクワガタ Prosopocoilus dissimilis okinawanus Nomura の小型雄の交尾成功
  • オキナワノコギリクワガタ Prosopocoilus dissimilis okinawanus Nomura ノ コガタ オス ノ コウビ セイコウ

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Abstract

Number of individuals and matings of a Japanese stag beetle, Prosopocoilus dissimilis okinawanus, whose males show three mandible forms, large (L), small (S2) and very small (S1), was examined every hour at a citrus orchard on Okinawa Island in July, 1997. The L males started to mate at 21 : 00-22 : 00 hours. The number of matings of the L males was maximal at 22 : 00-23 : 00 hrs., when the number of females was maximal. The S males started to mate at 19 : 00-20 : 00 hrs., and the maximal number of matings was recorded at 20 : 00-21 : 00 hrs. It was remarkable that the number of matings of the S1 males increased again after 02 : 00-03 : 00 hrs., and reached a second peak at 05 : 00-06 : 00 hrs., when most of the L males had disappeared. Thus, the total number of matings recorded for the S1 males (N=70) was the same as that of the L males (N=70). However, the rate of mated S1 males (total number of mated males observed/total number of males observed) was 18.6%, which was less than one half of the L males (46.1%). The S2 males showed an intermediate rate of matings (25.0%). In spite of the largest number of S1 males among the three forms, their mating success in the single evening of observation was very low, indicating that additional surveys throughout a season are needed.

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