水曜海山における特異な微生物現象(微生物, <特集>海底熱水系における生物・地質の相互作用)  [in Japanese] New Findings on Microbial Diversity and Function at Suiyo Seamount(Microbiology)  [in Japanese]

    • 丸山 明彦 Maruyama Akihiko
    • (独)産業技術総合研究所生物機能工学研究部門 Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
    • 砂村 倫成 Sunamura Michinari
    • (独)産業技術総合研究所:(現)東京大学理学部 National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST):(Present address)Faculty of Science, The University of Tokyo
    • 福井 学 Fukui Manabu
    • 東京都立大学理学部:(現)北海道大学低温科学研究所 Faculty of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Unversity:(Present address)Institute for Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University

Abstract

半閉鎖的なカルデラ内に発達した熱水プルーム層や海底面および海底下に形成されている熱水微生物生態系構造の解明を目指して, 伊豆小笠原海域の水曜海山をモデル対象に選択し, 海底掘削装置や有人・無人の潜水艇, 採水器, 現場ろ過器, 現場培養器等を駆使した調査研究を実施した。解明された研究結果のうちで, 特に注目すべき微生物現象の新知見は次のとおりである。すなわち, 熱水プルーム層における細菌群集の100%近くが僅か2種類の微生物系統群で構成されており, これら2種類の微生物にとって水曜海山環境が良好な培養器となっていることが明らかになった。また, 新たに開発したカテーテル型現場培養器を掘削孔や天然熱水噴出孔内に挿入して試料採取したことにより, εプロテオバクテリアや光合成細菌, 好熱性化学合成古細菌などに関連する新規微生物系統群や新規な硫酸還元酵素遺伝子を見出すことに成功した。さらに, 微生物の至適増殖温度を決定している遺伝子部位の特定化にも成功し, 現場調査への応用を図ることが可能になった。

Microbial ecosystems associated with hydrothermally active layers (e.g., hydrothermal plume, venting seafloor and sub-vent layers) inside the caldera of Suiyo Seamount (ca. 1,000∿1,400 m in the depth), Izu-Bonin Arc, were investigated in the framework of Archaean Park Project using a portable marine driller, manned and unmanned submersibles, water samplers, in situ filtration systems, and in situ growth chambers. Through quantitative population analysis of microbes in the hydrothermal plume, we found that this caldera has functioned as a natural continuous incubator for only two phylotypes of Bacteria in the deep sea. We also discovered several new phylotypes of microbes belonging to the epsilon-Proteobacteria, photosynthetic alpha-Proteobacteria, and chemoautotrophic thermophilic Archaea. These were found in samples collected from natural vents and boreholes using a newly developed catheter-type in situ growth chamber. From one of the growth chamber samples, a new dissimilatory sulfite reductase gene sequence was obtained. We also succeeded in identifying a gene region which regulates optimal growth temperatures of microbes, and we tried to apply this gene information to analysis of natural microbial communities.

Journal

Umi no Kenkyu (Oceanography in Japan)   [List of Volumes]

Umi no Kenkyu (Oceanography in Japan) 14(2), 309-318, 2005-03-05  [Table of Contents]

The Oceanographic Society of Japan (OSJ)

References:  26

You must have a user ID to see the references.If you already have a user ID, please click "Login" to access the info.New users can click "Sign Up" to register for an user ID.

Cited by:  1

You must have a user ID to see the cited references.If you already have a user ID, please click "Login" to access the info.New users can click "Sign Up" to register for an user ID.

Preview

Preview

Codes

  • NII Article ID (NAID) :
    110003375611
  • NII NACSIS-CAT ID (NCID) :
    AN10382760
  • Text Lang :
    JPN
  • Article Type :
    Journal Article
  • ISSN :
    09168362
  • NDL Article ID :
    7273805
  • NDL Source Classification :
    ZM44(科学技術--地球科学--海洋・陸水・火山)
  • NDL Call No. :
    Z15-778
  • Databases :
    CJP  CJPref  NDL  NII-ELS