Interaction between Lithocarpus edulis (Fagaceae) and the Associated Insects in terms of Infestation, Defoliation, and Lammas Shoot Production

Infestation by phytophagous insects on a tree species, Lithocarpus edulis, was studied in an evergreen forest in Kagoshima City. Fifteen species of herbivores were found, and 6 of them were newly recorded from L. edulis. Effects of infestation and defoliation are evaluated on the production of lammas shoots which appear in other seasons than spring. The life history strategies and host ranges of the associated insects are discussed in relation to the presence of lammas shoots.