解体に向かう日本的労資関係  [in Japanese] Collapse of Japanese Labor Unions  [in Japanese]

Japanese labor unions pursued economic efficiency with the companies and realized the high economic growth. the result was that we reached the perfect employment which was the purpose of the welfare state. But under the extended depression after the collapse of the bubble economy, economy growth has no longer proceeded, however labor unions might cooparate with the companies. Consequently the companies have been burdened with cost of salaries. The lifetime employment system which contributed the state japanese capitalism to the companies was criticised as the source of some problem, and it forced the companies to restructure. But large companies tend not to restructure drastically, so that japanese labor-management relations have been maintained. Small medium-sized companies become sacrifice and must cut off the many employees, In this point, Japanese unions lost their power and Japanese labor-manegement relations took a big turn.