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本研究において, 上水に含まれる有機物の安全性を検討するために上水を粒状活性炭に通し, 吸着された有機物をクロロホルム及びエタノール等で抽出し, 回収された有機物の亜急性影響, 変異原性及び発がん性を調べた.その結果以下のことが明らかとなった.1) クロロホルム抽出物(CCE)は肝肥大を起こさせ, 肝薬物代謝酵素誘導作用をもち, 肝細胞に脂肪変性を起こす.また, 高濃度摂取では肝に壊死巣を形成し, ライソゾーム, 滑面小胞体の増加, 核内脂肪滴の出現など障害性の変化を認めた.2) また, CCE摂取による上記の生体影響は摂取中止後6日間で正常レベルまでに回復した.3) エタノール抽出物(CAE)の少量摂取では, 著名な変化は認めなかったが, 大量摂取では肝に壊死巣の形成, 細胞質の融解, ミトコンドリアの変形など強い細胞障害性の変化を起こした.4) 変異原テストでは, CCEに強い変異原性があり, 生涯飲用した場合の慢性影響としての発癌性が懸念された.5) CCEの発癌テストでは, 強い発癌性をもつ可能性は一応否定されたが, 弱い発癌性をもつ可能性については今回のテストでは結論を導き出すことはできなかった.6) このテストで半数のマウスに肺腫瘍を発生させたCCEには多くの有機ハロゲン化合物が含まれており, 発癌物質を検索して生体影響を評価していくことが必要と思われる.7) これらは上水中に微量含まれているものであり直ちに人の健康に障害を与えるような可能性は少ないと思われる.
As sources of water supply are polluted by a number of organic compounds, the pollutants cannot be necessarily eliminated by the usual management such as prechlorination, coagulation and filtration. Moreover, newly halogenated organic compounds such as trihalomethane (THM) are produced during the chlorination process. Consequently, the safety evaluation for drinking water has been required. For this purpose, we have conducted acute toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of drinking water. The organic compounds in municipal drinking water were concentrated according to the carbon-adsorption method, and the components adsorbed to charcoal were eluted by chloroform (CCE), ethanol (CAE) and benzene (CBE), in order. The acute toxicity tests of CCE and CAE for mice were carried out by oral dose. CCE and CAE were showed to be toxic mainly in the liver. In the mutagenicity test for CCE, CAE and CBE with the Ames methods showed that only CCE was mutagenic. The concentration of organic halogen in CCE was higher than another two components. From these results, we suppose that the mutagenicity of CCE was due to the halogenated organic compounds. In the carcinogenic test of CCE for A/J-mouse, the occurrence of lung tumor was recognized. However, no strong carcinogenic compound was found in CCE.
