Effects of Nonylphenol and Triclosan on Production of Plasma Vitellogenin and Testosterone in Male South African Clawed Frogs (Xenopus laevis)

  • Matsumura Naomi
    Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto
  • Ishibashi Hiroshi
    Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto
  • Hirano Masashi
    Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto
  • Nagao Yukiko
    Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto
  • Watanabe Naoko
    Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto
  • Shiratsuchi Hideki
    Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto
  • Kai Toshinori
    Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto
  • Nishimura Tetsuji
    National Institute of Health Sciences, Japan
  • Kashiwagi Akihiko
    Institute for Amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University
  • Arizono Koji
    Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto

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We investigated the effects of nonylphenol (NP) and triclosan (TCS) on production of vitellogenin (Vg), testosterone (T), and hepatic cytochrome P450 1A and 2B activities in male South African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis). In a 14-d waterborne exposure test, no significant differences in the level of plasma Vg synthesis in male frogs were observed among the control, 10, 50, and 100 μg/l NP and 20, 100, and 200 μg/l TCS treatment groups. Intraperitoneal injection of male frogs with 2, 20, and 200 μg/g body weight NP resulted in no significant differences in plasma Vg levels among the control and all treatment groups. However, the levels of plasma Vg in all TCS treatment groups (intraperitoneal injection of 4, 40, and 400 μg/g body weight) were lower than that in the solvent control group, and male frogs injected with high doses of NP or TCS had lower T levels than the control group. No significant differences in hepatic cytochrome P450 1A and 2B activities were observed among the all treatment groups. Male frogs injected with 20 μg/g body weight of estradiol-17β had significantly higher plasma Vg levels than the control group. These results suggest that profiles of plasma Vg and T production in male Xenopus laevis could be useful biomarkers for detecting hormonally active agents.

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