Involvement of Calcium and Calmodulin in Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism in Rice Roots under Anoxia : ENVIRONMENTAL AND STRESS RESPONSES :

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The pretreatment of rice roots for 1 h in aerobic conditions with the Ca^<2+^gt;-channel blockers ruthenium red (RR) and verapamil and the calmodulin (CaM) antagonists N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphtylenesulfonamide (W-7) and trifluoperazine, induced during 3 h of anoxia: (i) inhibition of amino acid and γ-aminobutyric acid (Gaba) accumulation; (ii) a decline in the protein con-tent; (iii) a release of amino acids and K^+ into the growth media. The calcium ionophore A23187 reversed these effects in RR-treated roots. Moreover, the aerobic pretreatment of rice roots with A23187 alone or CaCl_2 increased the accumulation of amino acids and Gaba. These data indicate that the Ca^<2+^gt;/CaM complex is involved in the transduction of an anaerobic signal by inhibiting proteolysis and solute release, and activating the Ca^<2+^gt;/CaM-dependent glutamate decarboxylase.

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