Stroke MRIによる急性期脳虚血の診断と治療 : 急性期脳虚血発作の治療  [in Japanese] Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Acute Cerebral Ischemia Using Stroke MRI  [in Japanese]

米国では脳卒中は心臓発作と同様にbrain attackとして認識され, 発症からできるだけ早く脳卒中専門の施設に搬送することを国民に啓蒙し, かつ国をあげてのキャンペーンを展開している. 本邦では必ずしも脳卒中の診断から治療までがスムーズに施行されているとはいえず, 急性期治療の遅れが指摘されてきた. われわれは脳卒中急性期の診断と治療を迅速かつ正確に行うために1999年11月よりstroke care unit(SCU)を開設した. 今回SCUに入院した急性期脳卒中患者に対して, 24時間体制でstroke MRIを施行し, 脳卒中, 特に脳梗塞の診断と治療成績について分析したので報告する. 対象と方法 1999年11月より2002年9月までに当院のSCUに入院した急性期脳卒中患者295例のうち, 脳虚血と診断した175例(59.3%)を対象とした. 175例の脳梗塞の病態別症例数はアテローム血栓性脳梗塞44例(25.1%), 心原性脳梗塞70例(40%), ラクナ梗塞57例(32.6%), その他4例(2.3%)であった.

Between November 1999 and September 2002, 175 patients with acute cerebral infarction were admitted to our Stroke Care Unit. Stroke MRI (Diffusion-, perfusion- and T2-weighted imaging and MR angiography) was performed for these patients, and we used diffusion/perfusion mismatch for indication of cardiovascular reconstruction. Of 175 patients, 44 were diagnosed as atherothrombotic infarction, 70 as cardioembolic infarction and 57 as lacunar infarction. In 19 patients (27.1%) of cardioembolic infarction and 17 (38.6%) of atherothrombotic infarction, cerebrovascular reconstructions were performed. Although outcome after treatment was good in only 3 of these 19 patients (15.8%) with cardioembolism, out,come was good in 13 of 17 (76.5%) with atherothrombotic infarction. Outcomes of patients with cardioembolic internal carotid occlusion were very poor even if stroke MRI indicated acute thrombolysis, because almost all thrombolysis were failed. In conclusion, stroke MRI accurately diagnosed acute cerebrai infarction, and acute and subacute cerebrovascular reconstruction induced good outcome in patients with atherothrombotic infarction.