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Abstract
邦産の野生のフクジュソウの花の形質に関しては, この20年間に二, 三の研究者が倍数体間での花弁・萼片比の相違, 倍数体間での一茎あたりの着花数の変化について報告しているが, 花の各形質についての詳しい分析はなされていない。筆者は岩手県に産する野生のフクジュソウを材料にして, 現在「植物体各部の形質は, 倍数体の間ではどのように異なっているのか?」を主要課題として分析を進めている。今回は, (1)花の形質は二, 三および四倍体の間でどのように異なるか, (2)群落内での個体の相対的古さと花茎あたりの花の数との間には, どのような関係があるか, (3)花茎あたりの花の数は倍数体の間でどのように変化するか, の3つの問題について検討して以下のような結果を得た。(1)花の形質は倍数性の変化との相関の程度によって3つのグループに分けられるが, 倍数性の変化と最も高い相関がみられるのは萼片の長さとその数で, 次は花糸の長さである。従って, 花弁・萼片の長さの比, 萼片の数, 花糸の長さを夫々軸にして三次元グラフにまとめると, 二, 四倍体は明確に異なる分布となる。三倍体は両者の中間で, やや四倍体寄りに分布する。数量化の難しい特徴のうち, 萼片の背軸面の色と萼片の形態等も倍数体の間で違っている。(2)二倍体と四倍体のいずれの場合でも, 群落内での個体の相対的古さと一茎あたりの花の数との間には明確な関係はみられない。(3)野外に自生する5317個体について調べたところ, 一茎あたりの花の数は二倍体では2〜4個, 四倍体では1〜2個である場合が最も多い。しかし, 二倍体の群落でも10〜20%の割合で1茎あたり1花の個体がみられるし, 四倍体の群落でも約10%の割合で1茎あたり3花以上の個体があらわれる。三倍体は二倍体と似た傾向を示している。
Morphological difference of floral characters, relation between relative age of plants and number of flowers/stem and variation patterns of the number of flowers/stem were studied in diploid, triploid and tetraploid plants of Japanese Adonis amurensis (Ranunculaceae). According to the degree of correlation between euploid change in basic number and observed values, floral characters were classified into three groups : (1) sepal shape, abaxial color of sepals, length and number of sepals, which were distinctly different between diploids and tetraploids, belonged to the first group, (2) the second group consisted of the characters like filament length, ratio of width to length of petals, petal width, abaxial color of petals, presence of incision along the apical margin of the sepals and petals and petal shape, which were different between diploids and tetraploids, and (3) lastly, such characters as number of petals, sepal width, petal length and ratio of width to length of sepals, which had low correlations with euploid change in chromosome number, were included in the third group. There was no relation between relative age of plants and number of flowers/stem in both diploid and tetraploid plants of Japanese Adonis. The tendency that tetraploids had mostly one to two flowers/stem and diploids possessed most frequently two to four flowers/stem was recognized. However, in diploid populations plants with only one flower/stem were observed at a frequency of 10-20% and in tetraploid populations plants with three and more flowers/stem were found at a frequency of 10% or more. Triploids were closer to diploids than to tetraploids in characters like presence of incision along the apical margin of both sepals and petals and number of flowers/stem, but they were more like tetraploids in sepal length, sepal shape, number of sepals, abaxial color of sepals, petal width, petal shape and number of pistils.
Journal
- Acta phytotaxonomica et geobotanica [List of Volumes]
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Acta phytotaxonomica et geobotanica 46(1), 29-46, 1995-07-28 [Table of Contents]
The Japanese Society for Plant Systematics