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タイトル別名
  • ON THE RECONSTRUCTION OF SMALL SHRINES IN KASUGA SHRINE IN THE MIDDLE AGES (12TH C.-16TH C.)
  • チュウセイ シュンジツシャ ケイダイ マッシャ ノ ゾウタイ ニ ツイテ

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Table of Contents Introduction-Outline of Small Shrines Chapter I : On the Small Shrines belonging to the Four Main Shrines of the "Naiin"(around the four Main Shrines in the three "Onro" of the north, west and east corridor). Chapter I-1 : Small Tachikaro Shrine Chapter I-2 : The Other Six Small Shrines Chapter II : About the Small Shrines of Wakamiya's "Naiin" Chapter III : About the Small Shrines belonging to the Four Main Shrines of the "Chuin" (It is surrounded with a corridor and three "Onro"). Chapter IV : About the Small Shrines belonging to the Four Main Shrines of the "Gaiin"(outside the corridor). Chapter IV-1 : Enomoto Shrine Chapter IV-2 : Mizuya Shrine Chapter IV-3 : Sanjuhassho Shrine Chapter IV-4 : Kii Shrine Chapter IV-5 : The Other Eight Small Shrines Conclusion This paper describes the history and the method of the reconstruction of small shrines in the Kasuga Shrine, Nara as well as the style of small shrines in general. Furthermore, the age when the original style of the temporary shrines of Enomoto and Mizuya were built is covered. 1) The reconstruction of the small shrines occurred at the same time as the rebuilding of the four Main Shrines, at the time of ceremony of "Sengushiki" in Middle Ages. 2) When the Enomoto and Mizuya Shrines are to be built, the godly presence contained within them must be transferred to another temporary shrine called the "Kariden". Then these two shrines are newly built adjacent to their former locations and the godly presence is again transferred to the new shrines. After this the "Kariden" is destroyed and the old Enomoto and Mizuya Shrine buildings are removed to another place. In the case of the Tachikarao Shrine, it is moved aside and a new building is constructed on its original site. After this the old building is demolished. Another method is that the Tachikarao Shrine belonging to the Nai-in of the Wakamiya Shrine remains while a new shrine is built close by. When completed, the old building is dismantled. This method is not used now but was carried out at the Kamigamo Shrine in 1305 A. D. for the Sengu Festival. 3) The old small shrines are placed in the order Kannushi of the priests position such as first and second Shoyo (the Shinto priest of Nakatomi family). Within the old building of the Enomoto Shrine is housed the local tutely deity to Hoko-in in and Kangaku-in the Kofuku-ji, nd within the old building of Tachikarao is enshrined the tutelary deity of Tatsuichi-Jingu. 4) Of the temporary buildings the most important is the Enomoto Shrine which I think existed before the four main shrines were established. It is important to note that the temporary building of the Enomoto Shrine was built in the direction of the west and in the Nagare Style in spite of the fact that the permanent Enomoto Shrine building faces south and is in the Kasuga-misedana Style. Furthermore at the ridge of Mt. Mikasa, the Motomiya Shrine faces west but is built in the Kasuga-misedana Style. In the Mandara dated between 1075 and 1127 of the Nezu Art Museum the Enomoto Shrine can be seen sketched in the Kasuga-misedana Style. Also in the Mandara of the Kasuga Shrine, the landscape of the Kasuga Shrine is shown as it appeared between 1143 to 1179. In these Mandara as well as at the present time, the Kariden of Enomoto Shrine does not exist, so the simple symbols of the godly presence in any of the shrines are transferred to any of the other small shrines while they are being rebuilt. Therefore it is reasonable to conclude that the Enomoto Shrine was not only extremely important but very likely existed prior to the Kasuga Shrine.

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