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Abstract
スズメノカタビラ用微生物除草剤であるXanthomonas campestris pv. poae JT-P482)のスズメノカタビラ体内における増殖および移行を, リファンピン耐性菌(Rif-482)を用いて追跡した。試験に先立ち, リファンピン法について検証を行った。JT-P482およびRif-482(それぞれ菌濃度は10^9cfu/ml)を接種したスズメノカタビラ体内の菌数は, 3日後に1.0×10^8 cfu/g FW, 3週後には最大1.5×10^<10> cfu/g FWに達したのち, 9週後には5.4×10^8 cfu/g FW まで減少した。生重の減少率で表した防除率(% Control)は, 処理4週後にJT-P482では88%, Rif-482では86%となり, この時の病徴は激しい萎凋から枯死にいたるいわゆる青枯れ症状を呈した。以上のように, 菌数の変動および防除率に関し, JT-P482およびRif-482間に有意な差は認められなかった。また菌数および防除率それぞれのピークには約1週間の時間差が見られた。一方, JT-P482およびRif-482の, 10^3から10^<10> cfu/mlに至る各濃度をスズメノカタビラに処理し, 3週間後に菌数および防除率を比較した場合にも, 上記試験同様, 両菌株間に有意な差は認められなかった。以上の結果に基づいて, Rif-482を用い, 本菌の植物体内の増殖・移行過程を追跡した。スズメノカタビラの完全展開葉1枚の先端部位にハサミでRif-482を接種し, 植物が幼苗期から出穂期にいたるまで菌数の変化を追跡したところ, (1) 菌は接種部位より茎を通って根にいたり, ついで植物各部位に移行(全身感染)した。(2) 菌の増殖にともない病徴の進展および植物体内水分の減少が認められた。以上の事実から, 本菌の作用機作は, Xanthomonas campestris pv. poaeが, 宿主であるスズメノカタビラの導管内で増殖し導管を閉塞させた結果, 植物各部位への水分供給を絶ち, 植物を萎凋, 枯死に至らしめるものと考えられた。
Growth of a Rifampin-resistant strain (Rif-482) of Xanthomonas campestris pv. poae (JT-P482) in annual bluegrass monitored over several weeks indicates its potential as a tool for the study of interaction between X. campestris pv. poae (JT-P482, wild type) and annual bluegrass. After inoculation with 10^9 cfu/ml of bacterial suspension, populations of both Rif-482 and JT-P482 in plant sections increased during the period from 3 days (1.0×10^8 cfu/g FW) to 3 weeks after inoculation, when they reached a maximum (1.5×10^<10> cfu/g FW). Subsequently, Rif-482 decreased to 5.4×10^8 cfu/g FW 9 weeks after treatment (WAT). Efficacy (=% control) increased up to 4 WAT (86% control and 88% control of plants inoculated with Rif-482 and JT-P482, respectively) with plants showing the blighted and dried symptoms characteristic of heavy wilting. These results showed that the multiplication rate and efficacy of Rif-482 in plants matched those of JT-P482. The time lag between the peak of bacterial population (>10^<10> cfu/g FW) and the peak of disease development (>80% control) was between one and two weeks. Tests of various initial inoculum concentrations of both isolates from 10^3 to 10^<10> cfu/ml showed that the two followed a similar pattern of cell population increase and efficacy 3 WAT. The multiplication pattern of Rif-482 in the plant during the vegetative to early reproductive phases of plant growth was traced in different plant parts over time. Our findings show that Rif-482 bacteria inoculated to a leaf translocate systemically from the inoculation site through the stem to the root, then to all plant-parts. They also show a correlation between the development of disease and a decrease in the water content of plants, which appears to be the mechanism by which X. campestris pv. poae injures annual bluegrass.
Journal
- Journal of Weed Science and Technology [List of Volumes]
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Journal of Weed Science and Technology 42(2), 115-124, 1997-08-30 [Table of Contents]
The Weed Science Society of Japan