Nest Thermoregulation in Vespa affinis (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)

The nest temperature of the tropical/sub-tropical species Vespa affinis colonies was maintained several degrees above the ambient temperature but never reached a constant steady state, in contrast to temperate Vespa. The loss of nest thermoregulation corresponded with the loss of brood, but not with the loss of workers which occurred 1-2 months later. The structure of the nest envelope was adapted to protect the brood from heavy rain and strong sunshine.