綿紡績業の賃金変動と賃金格差

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  • Changes in Wages and Wage-Differentials in Cotton Spinning Industry

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1. This paper reports some empirical findings on the changes in wages and its differentials in the cotton spinning industry. The observation is mainly based upon the published statistical materials by the Japan Cotton Spinner's Association, which record daily wages of average (male and female) workers and number of (male and female) workers in each individual member-firm every month under the period between 1889 and 1941. Because of several reasons, our observation is ristricted to female worker's wages during 1914-1937. The others will be observed later. 2. W denotes daily wage of average (female) worker in each firm, and W^^- average of W over firms those classified by employment size. In this context, employment (L) refers the number of male and female workers in each firm. W^^= means an average (female worker's) wage level in the industry, consequently it is not only average of W over whole, (member) firms, but of W^^- over all firm groups. W__- refers in turn to the minimum wage level among firms belonging to the same size-group, w^^- and w__- denote, respectively, average- and minimum-wage differentials among different size-groups of firms. 3. The time-path of W^^= is illustrated in Fig. 1・1 together with male worker's Fig. 1・2 which shows some other series of W^^=, quoted from other related surveys. The broken lines in Fig. 1・1 are series of weighted average of female and male workers. It should be noticed that there exist relatively large discrepancies between published (simple-averaged) and newly-calculated (weighted) series, especially for male worker's -wage. 4. The changing patterns of W-L scatters are illustrated in a lot of diagrams elsewhere, so that it might be convenient to summarize main findings graphically without detail explanations. These findings are in the following chart [table] Roughly speaking, w (minimum wage differentials) moves up and down corresponding to W^^= changes, while w^^- (average wage differentials) does not. This may be an important observation, because some actual, wage policy say, minimum wage law, to wage (differentials) movement have usuallly been done depending upon such averaged-wage statistics as w^^-, that may not indicate entire course of events. 5. There are such charts and diagrams as employed to observe the changes of wage (differentials) in relation to the variations of employment among different groups of firms. Some tentative interpretations are given to the relationships, depending upon the interaction between inter-firm competition in demand for desirable labor and interindividual competition in application for better jobs. The hypothesis should be empirically tested in the coming papers.

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