スウェーデンの中立政策とEC加盟問題 : 一九六〇年代を中心として  [in Japanese] Swedish Neutrality and EC : membership in the 1960s  [in Japanese]

After the Second World War, the principle of free trade was the premise of Swedish economic foreign policy and it was compatible with her neutrality. When the European Economic Community (EEC) was established in 1958, the relationship with the EEC became

After the Second World War, the principle of free trade was the premise of Swedish economic foreign policy and it was compatible with her neutrality. When the European Economic Community (EEC) was established in 1958, the relationship with the EEC became an important matter for Sweden. Since then, it had been a very important issue for Sweden until 1990 if the membership of the EEC (later the European Communities: EC) would be compatible with her neutrality. In the article, I examine the Swedish explanation of "neutrality" pursuing closer relations with the EEC/EC in the 1960s and try to find why "neutrality" became the obstacle for Sweden to be a member of the EEC/EC. In the first section of this article, the character of Swedish neutrality is examined. Swedish neutrality has not been defined by any international or domestic law and the declaration of the government has been the only basis. Swedish neutrality was interpreted as "non-participation in alliances in peacetime aiming at neutrality in the event of war" and this neutrality was the nucleus of Swedish foreign policy in the 1960s. In the second section, the relationship between Sweden and the EEC/EC in 1961-63 and 1967-71 is examined. In these periods, the Swedish government sought to establish closer relations with the EEC/EC, and proposed an association agreement and an open application to the EEC/EC. The Swedish government insisted to keep neutrality and presented three reservations on joining the EEC/EC. At these chances, Sweden could not conclude any agreement with the EEC/EC. In the third section, the domestic debate on Swedish relations with the EEC/EC is examined. It was obvious for all political parties to keep Swedish neutrality, but interpretation of the compatibility between neutrality and EEC/EC membership was divided into four groups. After the domestic debate, the Swedish government decided in the early 1960s that Swedish neutrality would not be compatible with the full EEC-membership. Having the domestic debate again in the late 1960s, the government declared in 1971 that Sweden would not seek the EC membership. The domestic debate and the Swedish government's decision in the 1960s were decisive for Swedish policy to Europe, since this standpoint of the Swedish government lasted until 1990.