スウェーデンにおける高齢者地域福祉サービスをみる : KarlstadおよびEdaの両コミューンの場合

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  • スウェーデン ニ オケル コウレイシャ チイキ フクシ サービス オ ミル Karlstad オヨビ Eda ノ リョウ コミューン ノ バアイ

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本稿では,スウェーデン中西部に位置する中規模都市であるカールスタット・コミューンと,その郊外に位置するエーダ・コミューンにおける高齢者支援システムとその実践の一端を紹介し,その特徴について考察をおこなった。両コミューンに共通する特徴として,高齢者と障害者のケアを担当するセクションが議会内の委員会と市当局の部局とが連動した形で設置されていること,市当局がスウェーデン赤十字社をはじめとするNPO団体や各種のサークル活動団体とのネットワークを主体的に構築しようとしている点,余暇活動においても専門の職員(fritidsassistenterna)が配置され,高齢者や障害者の余暇活動を積極的にサポートしている点,等が挙げられる。

Social support systems for the elderly have developed rapidly in Japan during recent decades. Regarding this trend, our greatest concern was with the elderly with medical needs. Recently, we are trying to develop standards for their daily living, in general. We believe it is important to develop such social support systems in Japan in order to help the elderly lead their lives, independently so as to enrich their daily living experience. For this reason, we are looking' at social support systems in Sweden. In this paper, we report the present situation in Karlstad, an average-sized municipality in Sweden. (1) Administrative structure of social support systems for the elderly. a.) Committee for the care and support for the elderly and the handicapped b.) Committee for free time activities (2) Some examples of activities from the viewpoint of social inclusion. a.) The case of Swedish. Red Cross Neighborhood Activity Center, supporting family members or close friends of the elderly with special support needs, b.) The case of Vaxnas, a kind of service house for the dementia, c.) The case of Hagaborg, a service house incorporating inclusive activities in an institutional care facility. Through a variety of inclusive activities and support systems for caregivers at home, we can expect to reduce the risks of isolation and anxiety among the family members and close friends of the elderly. In addition to developing overall support systems for the elderly, their leisure time activities also, are integrated into the total support system of the municipality of Karlstad in Sweden. In conclusion, we can develop the QOL for the elderly at home by respecting their dignity and-by giving support to caregivers' in the home, This paper is the first report of our planned project concerning the comprehensive study of social support systems for the elderly in Sweden and Japan in cooperation with] Osaka Kyoiku University and Karlstad university.

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