産後うつ状態に影響を及ぼす背景因子についての縦断的研究(第一報) : 母親自身の被養育体験・内的ワーキングモデルおよび児への愛着との関連  [in Japanese] Relationships among mother's postpartum emotional state, her own attachment style and attachment formation toward her baby (Part 1)  [in Japanese]

幼少期の被養育体験・愛着スタイルが産後うつ状態・児への愛着に与える影響を明らかにし,助産師が行う妊産婦の育児支援のための基礎資料とすることを目的とし,本研究を実施した。妊娠末期から,産後5日,1ヵ月,3ヵ月までの追跡調査が可能であった妊産婦58名を分析の対象とした。質問紙は,1.対象の属性・背景に関する質問紙,2. Self-rating Depression Scale, 3.産褥期母親愛着尺度(Nagata),4. Parental Bonding Instrument, 5. Internal Working Model:対人関係における愛着スタイルの評定尺度を実施した。産後うつ状態の出現頻度は,産後5日50.0%,1ヵ月58.6%,3ヵ月44.8%であった。産後5日〜3ヵ月までうつ状態が持続している人は36.2%であった。PBIで評価された妊婦自身の被養育体験は,IWMを介し,産後うつ状態に影響を与えていた。さらに,産後うつ状態は産褥期母親愛着尺度の母親愛着因子と負の相関,接触・育児不安因子と正の相関がみられた。

Objective: Past research suggested that postpartum depression affected negatively a mother's attachment formation toward her baby. It had been pointed out that mother's own early experience and attachment style may be a risk factor of postpartum depression. This study explored the relationship between a mothers' attachment styles, their postpartum emotional state and attachment formation toward their babies. Methods: The subjects of this study were fifty eight women in late pregnancy who gave written informed consent. They were asked to fill out some questionnaires at 8 to 9 months of pregnancy, five days after birth, one month after birth, and three months after birth. Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS; Zung) was administered four times. Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI; Parker) was administered at 8 to 9 months of pregnancy and Internal Working Model (IWM; Shaver) at one month after birth. Fifty eight subjects responded to all of these questionnaires, so data analysis was performed on these 58 subjects. Results: The results of Covariance Structure Analysis examining relationship among PBI, IWM and SDS suggested that overprotection score of PBI strongly affected the score of the ambivalent scale of IWM, and the ambivalent scale strongly affected SDS score at one month and three months after birth. The subjects were divided into two groups; the continuously high SDS group (CHS group) and the non CHS group. The CHS group is consisted of 21 subjects who had scored continuously high (40 points and above) in SDS. The non CHS group is consisted of the rest of the subjects (n=37) These results suggested that mother's attachment style affect her postpartum emotional state and attachment formation toward her baby.