妊娠期から産後の女性の喫煙行動に影響を及ぼす要因に関する研究 : 産後4ヵ月の調査から  [in Japanese] Factors that affect the smoking behavior of women from pregnancy to the postpartum period : A survey 4 months after delivery  [in Japanese]

喫煙する女性にとって,妊娠・出産は禁煙への行動変容を起こす好機と考えられる。そこで本研究は,妊産婦の喫煙行動に影響を及ぼす要因を分析し,今後の母親の喫煙対策の検討を行うことを目的とした。F県内5市町村の4ヵ月健診に訪れた母親のうち協力を得られた193名に質問紙調査を実施した。有効回答数は191(99%)であった。喫煙習慣があった者は60名(31.4%)で,妊娠前にすでに禁煙していた母親:妊娠前禁煙群は16名(26.7%),妊娠中から産後4ヵ月まで禁煙していた母親:禁煙継続群16名(26.7%),妊娠中は禁煙できたが産後喫煙を再開していた母親:産後再開群は13名(21.7%),妊娠中から産後まで喫煙していた母親:喫煙継続群は15名(25%)であった。喫煙行動に影響を及ぼす要因として,夫の喫煙と喫煙の害に関する知識の有無,母性意識で有意な関連がみられた。産後再開群の喫煙再開理由は,「がまんできなかったから」「育児・家事でいらいらして」と依存度の高さの実態と共に産後の支援の必要性が明らかになった。また,妊娠期から産後において,何らかの喫煙習慣に関する確認や,喫煙に関する健康教育,保健指導を受けたと回答した者は18名(9.4%)と少数であった。よって喫煙に関する情報提供の強化とともに妊娠期から産後まで継続したサポートの必要性が示唆された。

For smoking women, pregnancy and delivery are considered to be an opportunity to quit smoking. In this study, we analyzed factors that affect the smoking behavior of pregnant women and evaluated future anti-smoking guidance for mothers. A questionnaire survey was performed in 193 mothers who attended the 4-month health check in 5 municipalities in Fukuoka Prefecture and consented to be surveyed. Valid answers were obtained from 191 mothers (99%). Sixty (31.4%) of them had a history of smoking. Of these 60 mothers, 16 (26.7%) abstained from smoking from before the latest pregnancy (pre-gestational non-smoking group), 16 abstained from smoking during pregnancy to 4 months postpartum (sustained non-smoking group), 13 (21.7%) abstained from smoking but resumed smoking after delivery (resumed smoking group), and 15 (25.0%) smoked during pregnancy and after delivery (continuous smoking group). Their smoking behavior was significantly related to smoking of the husband, knowledge about the harmful effects of smoking, and maternal awareness. Frequent reasons for the resumption of smoking after delivery were "not being able to continue abstinence" and "being irritated by child care and housework", suggesting a high degree of dependence and the necessity of postpartum support. Only 18 (9.4%) of the respondents answered that they had received a check about their smoking habits, health education concerning smoking, or health guidance from pregnancy to the postpartum period. Therefore, greater efforts to provide information concerning smoking and sustained support from pregnancy to the postpartum period are necessary.