育児ストレッサー尺度作成の試み  [in Japanese] Development a scale for childcare stressors  [in Japanese]

本研究は,乳幼児をもつ母親を対象とした育児ストレッサー尺度の作成を行い,その信頼性と妥当性を検討することを目的とした。調査I,IIでは,7ヵ所の保育所で,乳幼児(0〜6歳児)をもつ母親493名(平均年齢33.0歳)を対象に,育児不安尺度を含む質問紙調査を実施した。調査IIIでは,調査Iで実施した育児ストレッサー得点の上位群,下位群の中から3名ずつを対象に面接を行った。その結果,育児ストレッサー予備尺度44項目について主因子法バリマックス回転による因子分析を行い,「親としての効力感低下」「育児による拘束」「サポート不足」「子どもの特性」「育児知識と技術不足」の5因子が抽出でき,それぞれ5項目合計25項目からなる育児ストレッサー尺度を作成した。Cronbachのα係数.87〜.75と再テスト法による相関係数.82〜.51,下位尺度と育児不安尺度との相関係数.81〜.48であった。また,面接により母親の育児ストレッサーの実態と下位尺度得点との一致が確認された。結論として,育児ストレッサー尺度が作成され信頼性と妥当性が確認された。臨床で簡便に育児ストレッサーの測定ができると考えられた。

The purpose of this research was to develop a scale of childcare stressors targeting women with young children, and to examine the reliability and validity of that scale. In Surveys I and II, we conducted a questionnaire survey (including a scale of childcare anxiety) targeting 493 mothers (average age 33.0 yrs) with young children (aged 0〜6) in seven day-care centers. In Survey III, we conducted interviews of three mothers at a time, selected from the high-scoring and low-scoring groups in terms of Childcare Stressor points as measured in Survey I. Based on the results of the above, we conducted a factor analysis of 44 Preliminary Childcare Stressor Measurement Items using the Principal Factor Varimax Rotation, which enabled us to derive the following five factors: "Loss of feelings of effectiveness as a parent"; "Feelings of restriction due to childcare"; "Lack of support"; "Characteristics of the child"; "Lack of childcare knowledge and skills." We then developed a Childcare Stressor Scale comprised of five items for each of these, for a total of 25 items. The correlation coefficient based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient was .87〜.75, and based on a retest method was .82〜.51; the correlation coefficient between the subscales and the Childcare Anxiety Scale was .81〜.48. We confirmed that the actual Childcare Stressors for mothers are determined through interviews was consistent with subscales' scores. In conclusion, we developed a Childcare Stressor Scale and confirmed its reliability and validity. We believe that this scale will be useful in enabling simple measurements of Childcare Stressors in clinical scenarios.