妊娠期における初妊婦と実母の関係性の発達的変化  [in Japanese] Developmental changes in the relationships between primigravidas and their mothers during pregnancy  [in Japanese]

初妊婦の母親への移行過程における実母との関係性を定量的に実証するため,本研究ではまず,実母からの影響および実母との関係性の形成・変化についての初妊婦の主観的体験を明らかにし,両者の関係性の発達的変化のモデルを作成することを目的に調査を行った。20名の初妊婦を対象に半構成化したインタビューを行い,記述的データを質的に分析した。分析の結果,初妊婦が母親への移行過程において体験している実母との関係性は,3つの【大カテゴリー】,8つの<中カテゴリー>および18の[小カテゴリー]によって構成されていた。初妊婦は【実母をモデルとした母親への発達過程】を進行させながら【実母との心理的なむすびつきの変化】を体験していた。また【実母との心理的なむすびつきの変化】により【実母をモデルとした母親への発達過程】が促進されていた。さらに,これらのプロセスには【実母からのサポート】が影響を及ぼしていた。以上より初妊婦の母親への移行過程における実母の重要性が明らかになったが,米国人とは異なる日本人初妊婦と実母の関係性の妊娠中の発達的変化が認められ,妊娠期看護に向けた新たな視点が示唆された。

To quantitatively clarify the relationships between primigravidas and their mothers during their process of becoming mothers, we evaluated primigravidas' experiences concerning the influences of their mothers and the formation and changes in their relationships with their mothers, and produced a model of the developmental changes in their relationships. Semi-structured interviews were performed in 20 primigravidas, and the collected descriptive data were qualitatively analyzed. As a result, primigravidas' relationships with their mothers based on their experiences in their transition process to mothers consisted of [3 top-level], <8 mid-level>, and [18 lower-level] categories. The primigravidas experienced [changes in their psychological bonds with their mothers] while advancing [the developmental process of becoming mothers using their mothers as a model]. In addition, [changes in their psychological bonds with their mothers] promoted the [developmental process of becoming mothers using their mothers as a model]. These processes were affected by the [acceptance of support from their mothers]. These results suggested the importance of the mothers of primigravidas in their process of becoming mothers. On the other hand, the Japanese primigravidas showed developmental changes in the relationship with their mothers during pregnancy that differ from those in American primigravidas, which presented a new viewpoint to nursing activities during pregnancy.