Project Water Requirement in the Yamato Plain Land Improvement District : Design and Management of Large Scale Irrigation System (I)

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Abstract

This paper describes the design and water management of large scale irrigation systems, specifically the estimation of the project water requirement for the rehabilitation scheme of the irrigation system in the Yamato Plain Land Improvement District (abbreviated to YPD) of Nara prefecture. YPD was organized to be responsible for the operation and maintenance of the major subdivision of the Totsugawa-Kinokawa Integrated Development Project (abbreviated to TKP) in 1961. 30 years have passed since the completion of TKP. Rehabilitation of the whole irrigation system is needed due to degradation of irrigation efficiency caused by superannuation and the change of water users' situations caused by increasing part-time farmers and aging farmers. The purpose of the system rehabilitation is basically to save labor costs and increase irrigation efficiency. On the other hand, to meet the needs of increment of municipal water use in expanding urban areas, implementation of the system rehabilitation is necessary, in addition, it is needed to provide water front parks and recreation facilities. The water source of this system consists of water developed by TKP and old local water resources i. e. water diverted from natural streams, many ponds and ground water. The water distribution system is also divided into two systems: the YPD system and the local irrigation system, including natural streams. The simplification and unification of the distribution system is also required for the rehabilitation. At first, the project water requirement must be estimated based on the existing water supply system and the water users' situation. The estimation of the project water requirement by using the CB method is useful in this case. Then, comparing with the estimated values and data of existing water supplied, an appropriate project water requirement is determined. The rahabilitation scheme will be composed, based upon the appropriate water requirement.

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