小児領域におけるプロバイオティクス治療(<特集>最近の医療のトピックス)  [in Japanese] The use of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of diseases in children  [in Japanese]

    • 永田 智 NAGATA SATORU
    • 順天堂大学医学部小児科学講座 Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University School of Medicine

Abstract

腸内細菌叢は,生後嚥下した細菌により樹立し,その構成は生涯を通してほぼ一定であるという.腸内細菌は,バリアー効果,宿主とのクロストークを介してのホメオスターシスの維持,短鎖脂肪酸の産生,免疫調節作用など様々な機能をもつ.プロバイオテイクス治療は,有益で安全性の確立された腸内細菌を外因的に補充することにより,感染防御や人体の免疫調節に寄与するという新しい治療法であるが,用いられる菌はbifidobacteriumとlactobacillusに大別される.当教室の未熟児・新生児へのBifidobacterium breve投与試験においては,投与群において1)生後早期に投与することにより有意に早期に同菌が便中に出現し,2)感染症全体および壊死性腸炎罹患率ならびに死亡率の有意な低下が認められ,3)便中酢酸の産生増加と酪酸の産生抑制,4)血清TGF-β値およびそのシグナル伝達因子の発現増強が認められた.また,化学療法後の悪性腫瘍患児へB. breveを授与したところ,末梢血NK細胞の再樹立時の細胞数は,投与群において有意に高かった.プロバイオティクスの感染症,癌・自己免疫性疾患などの予防・治療効果を積極的な大規模な臨床試験で証明することにより,社会的にも広く国民の支持を受けうる信頼厚い治療法としてのゆるぎない地位が確立されるであろう.

Intestinal microflora are established soon after birth and remain almost stable during lifetime. The colonic microbiota plays an important role in host nutrition and health by promoting nutrient supply, preventing pathogen colonization and developing and maintaining normal immunity. Probiotics are defined as living microbial food supplements that beneficially affect the host by improving its intestinal microbial balance. In our previous study, earlier administration of Bifidobacterium breve (B breve) and consequent earlier detection in stools of low birth weight infants, suggesting establishment of normal intestinal flora, contributed to the prevention of infections and necrotizing enterocolitis. In the supplement group, fecal lactate and acetate concentrations were higher in very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight infants, whereas there was no detectable level of butylate. In our subsequent study, serum TGF-β level and smad 4 expression were increased after B breve challenge, while that of smad7 remained weak. Furthermore, we demonstrated that B breve induced proliferation of repopulated circulating NK cells after chemotherapy in children with malignant diseases. To expand the clinical applications of probiotics throughout the world, further randomized control studies on a massive scale are clearly needed.

Journal

Juntendo medical journal   [List of Volumes]

Juntendo medical journal 51(4), 509-518, 2005-12-30  [Table of Contents]

Juntendo University

References:  19

You must have a user ID to see the references.If you already have a user ID, please click "Login" to access the info.New users can click "Sign Up" to register for an user ID.

Preview

Preview

Codes

  • NII Article ID (NAID) :
    110005858273
  • NII NACSIS-CAT ID (NCID) :
    AN00113194
  • Text Lang :
    JPN
  • Article Type :
    REV
  • Journal Type :
    大学紀要
  • ISSN :
    00226769
  • NDL Article ID :
    7796894
  • NDL Source Classification :
    ZS7(科学技術--医学)
  • NDL Call No. :
    Z19-432
  • Databases :
    CJP  NDL  NII-ELS