Fear of crime and perceived risk (Symposium: Rising Fear of Crime and Re-building Safe Society in Japan: Moral Panic or Evidence-Based Crime Control)

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  • 犯罪不安と被害リスク知覚 (I 課題研究 日本の治安と犯罪対策-犯罪学からの提言)
  • 犯罪不安と被害リスク知覚--その構造と形成要因
  • ハンザイ フアン ト ヒガイ リスク チカク ソノ コウゾウ ト ケイセイ ヨウイン
  • その構造と形成要因
  • The causes and structures

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Abstract

This paper examines the cognitive structure and causes of perceived risk and fear of crime among urban residents in Tokyo. The questionnaire survey of 3,120 residents was conducted in 104 neighborhoods in Oota city, Tokyo. The respondents were requested to rate separately subjective perceived risk and emotional fear of crime for 12 crime types. Incivility and direct/indirect victimization were also measured. Confirmative factor analysis supported the two-factor structure of property and personal crime, similar to one proposed in the U.S. It is notable that this cognitive structure does not match the conventional law-enforcement classification. That is, the respondents judge several property crimes such as Akisu, breaking and entering while residents are out of house, to be both personal and property crime. The authors also examine the effects of victimization, incivility and target attractiveness on perceived risk and fear of crime. Generally, incivility and direct/indirect victimization raise fear of crime, mediated by perceived risk. In addition, incivility directly causes fear of property crime as well as mediation by perceived risk. Direct victimization has more significant effects than indirect victimization. A respondent who owns more consumer durables tends to perceive more risk of property crime, whereas one with more vulnerable family members are more fearful of personal crime. Policy implications to control fear of crime are also discussed.

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