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Abstract
地球温暖化は複雑系の科学であることから,その予測を困難にしている.大気中の温室効果ガスの増加が気温上昇をもたらす主な要因のひとつであることには疑う余地はないとしても,太陽活動による影響,とくに可視光以外のX線・紫外線の変動が気候に及ぼす影響についての解析は,まさに不十分であると言わざるを得ない.また,気温上昇にともなって生じる水蒸気の影響,雲量・アルベドの変化など,正または負のフィードバック機構の解析にも未知のことがらが多い.この論説では,地球史の最も新しい年代である第四紀の気候変動についての知識をもとに地球温暖化の現状を下記の順序で論述した.(1)第四紀における気候変動の歴史,(2)温室効果ガス,赤外吸収強度,放射強制力,太陽照射強度の変動,火山噴火・森林火災・黄砂による影響,(3)海洋中のCO_2濃度のフィードバック機構,アルベドの経年変化,宇宙線強度と雲量との関連.そして,結論として,地球温暖化ガスの増加にともなう正のフィードバック機構とともに,気候の人為変動に隠されている自然変動の解明が必要であることを強調した.
Global warming is thought to be difficult to predict because of the complex system science involved. It is poorly understood how much affected is climate change by fluctuations of solar activity on X-ray and UV, though the recent increase of CO_2 in the atmosphere is undoubtedly one of the most important factors for global warming. Furthermore, there are many unknown factors related to climate change, such as increasing water vapor pressure linked to temperature increase, and feedback systems of cloud cover and albedo change. In this review I will discuss the present state of understanding of global warming on the basis of the historical geology in the following order; (1) the history of climate change in the Quaternary, (2) factors of bearing on climate change, such as greenhouse gases, saturated infrared absorption intensity, radiation forcing, fluctuation of the solar energy, and influences of volcanic eruptions, forest fire and continental yellow dusts, and (3) feedback mechanisms of dissolved CO_2 in the ocean, secular change of the albedo, and the relationship between cosmic radiation and total cloud cover. In conclusion, it is emphasized that natural climate change should be extracted from recent global warming, while simultaneously studying the positive feedback mechanism due to increasing greenhouse gases.
Journal
- 地球科學 [List of Volumes]
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地球科學 61(1), 1-20, 2007-01-25 [Table of Contents]
The Association for the Geological Collaboration in Japan (AGCJ)