ホオズキの四倍体の作出とその特性(育種・遺伝資源)  [in Japanese] Development of Tetraploid Chinese Lantern (Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii Makino) and its Characteristics(Breeding & Germplasm Resources)  [in Japanese]

ホオズキの試験管内でのコルヒチン処理による染色体倍加について検討するとともに,得られた四倍体の特性を調査した.コルヒチンを0.05%添加したMS液体培地(3%ショ糖)で頂芽を48時間処理後,NAA0.01mg・L^<-1>を添加したMS培地で約90日間培養することで最も効率的に四倍体を作出することができた.得られた四倍体は二倍体と比べ,草丈が低く,茎は太く,葉は丸く,気孔,花および花粉は大きく,花粉稔性は低かった.さらに,四倍体の果実は二倍体と比べて,宿存がくが丸く,完全種子数加減少した.本研究で得られたホオズキの四倍体は,同じ栽培条件下で二倍体と比べてわい化し強健になったことから,わい性品種としての利用が期待できる.

In vitro chromosome doubling of Chinese lantern (Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii Makino) was studied and characteristics of the obtained tetraploids were clarified. The tetraploids could be obtained most efficiently by culturing the apical buds on MS medium containing 0.01 mg ・ L^<-1> NAA after aseptic treatment of the apical buds in liquid MS medium (sucrose 3%) with colchicine at 0.05% for 48 h. The tetraploids showed lower height, thicker stems, more rounded leaves, lower pollen fertility and larger stomata, flowers, and pollen grains in comparison with the original diploids. The tetraploid fruits had round calyces and smaller numbers of developed seeds in comparison with fruits from the diploids. The present tetraploids might be available as a dwarf cultivar since the tetraploids showed smaller height and stronger stems in comparison with the original diploids under the same cultivation condition.