改革・開放後の中国「国家公費派遣留学生」派遣政策の変遷(<特集>中国人日本留学史,日本人中国留学史(1))  [in Japanese] The Change of China's Policy on Sending Students Abroad during the Period of Reforms and Open Door  [in Japanese]

本稿は改革・開放後の中国の国家公費派遣留学生政策の変容過程について整理し,その原因と傾向を分析した。本稿の分析によって以下のことが明らかになった。改革・開放初期の中国の国家公費派遣留学生の派遣は,科学技術の修得を目的とするのみならず,若年層派遣による国際交流を目標に含む長期戦略型であった。しかし,その後の国内外情勢の変化や,天安門事件の影響によつて,海外に滞留して帰国しない留学生が増えた。中国政府もその変化にともない,留学生との関係を相互信頼的な関係から,「出国留学協定書」を結ぶ契約に基づく相互制約型へと変更し,派遣方式も長期戦略型から短期収益型へと変容したのであった。

This report enunciated about the changing process of China's Policy on sending students abroad during the period of reforms and open door, and analyzed the reason and tendency of change. Through the analysis of this report the following facts became clear. At the beginning of the Period of Reforms and Open Door, the targets of China dispatch policy were not only to learn technology but also by sending young students in long-term, also were the long-term strategy with the purpose of international exchanges. However, due to the change of domestic and abroad situation and the influence of Tiananmen Square protests, dispatched students kept staying at the dispatched country without going back to China increased. China government also followed the tendency and changed the relations with dispatched students from mutual trust to mutul restrict type by binding "studying abroad agreement", the dispatch method also changed from long-term strategy to short-term profit type.