パニック障害の脳内機構(シンポジウム : 情動形成とその異常の脳内機構-情動と心身相関のBlack Boxに迫る,2006年,第47回日本心身医学会総会(東京))  [in Japanese] The Essential Mechanism of Panic Disorder in the Human Brain(Symposium : Brain Mechanism of Normal and Abnormal Emotional Processing : Exploring Black Box of Emotion and Mind-Body Interaction)  [in Japanese]

    • 西川 將巳 Nishikawa Masami
    • 川村学園女子大学教育学部:東京大学医学部心療内科:医療法人和楽会 Department of Social Education, Kawamura Gakuen Women's University:Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo:Warakukai Incorporated Medical Institution
    • 熊野 広昭 Kumano Hiroaki
    • 東京大学医学部心療内科:医療法人和楽会 Department of Psychosomatic medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo:Warakukai Incorporated Medical Institution
    • 坂野 雄二 Sakano Yuji
    • 北海道医療大学心理科学部 School of Psychological Science, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido

    • 松田 博史 Matsuda Hiroshi
    • 国立精神・神経センター武蔵病院放射線診療部 Department of Radiology, Musashi Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan

Abstract

パニック障害(panic disorder ; PD)の脳内機構に関する仮説として,Gormanらは"恐怖ネットワーク"仮説を提唱した.この"恐怖ネットワーク"は,扁桃体を中心とした,海馬や内側前頭前野などとの相互神経回路網を想定しており,扁桃体から視床下部,脳幹への投射は,恐怖条件づけされたさまざまな反応を引き起こすとされている.これまでわれわれは,FDG-PETを用いてPD患者の脳内糖代謝に関する研究を行ってきた.この研究の目的の1つとしては,この"恐怖ネットワーク"仮説を検証し,PDにおける脳内機構を明らかにすることである.さらに,もう1つの目的としては,ヒトの脳内に"認知行動療法"がどのような影響を及ぼしているのかということを調べることである.この研究において,われわれは,まず治療前のPD患者の脳内糖代謝を,正常統制群と比較したうえで,認知行動療法により治療が奏効した後に生じた脳内での変化について調べた.治療前の状態において,両側扁桃体,海馬および脳幹や小脳の一部の糖代謝活性が,正常統制群に比較して,PD患者において有意に上昇していた.認知行動療法治療後においては,両側前頭前野領域における糖代謝の亢進が認められた一方,右海馬,左小脳,橋などの領域において糖代謝が低下していた.しかし,扁桃体の有意な糖代謝変化は認められなかった.これらの結果は,GormanによるPDにおける恐怖ネットワーク仮説を脳機能画像解析的アプローチにより初めて検証した.また,認知行動療法後の結果より,この仮説に基づいた認知行動療法の脳内における治療的メカニズムをも明らかにした.

Gorman et al. proposed a "fear network" hypothesis as the neuroanatomical mechanism of the panic disorder in the human brain. This "fear network" should be centered in the amygdala and involve its interaction with the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex. Projection from the amygdala to hypothalamic and brainstem sites should consecutively lead to a lot of observed signs of conditioned fear responses. We have been studying regional brain glucose metabolism in patients with panic disorder using PET with [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). One purpose of this study is to clarify the mechanism of the panic disorder in the human brain and to verify this "fear network" hypothesis. Another purpose is to investigate the effect of the "cognitive-behavioral therapy" on the human brain. In this study, we performed to compare regional brain metabolic rate for glucose in subjects with pre-treatment panic disorder to those in normal controls, and also to investigate the changes produced after successful completion of cognitive-behavioral therapy. The pre-treatment subjects with panic disorder showed significantly higher levels of metabolic activity in the bilateral amygdala, hippocampus and some regions of brainstem and cerebellum as compared with control subjects. After successful cognitive-behavioral therapy, areas of increased regional brain glucose metabolism were shown in the bilateral medial prefrontal regions, whereas areas of decreased metabolism were in the right hippocampus, left cerebellum, pons and so on, but there were no significant change in the amygdala. These results provided the first neuroimaging support in human patients for the "fear network" hypothesis of panic disorder. The results after cognitive-behavioral therapy, also, clearly explained the therapeutic mechanism in the human brain on the basis of this hypothesis.

Journal

Japanese Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine   [List of Volumes]

Japanese Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine 47(8), 697-703, 2007-08-01  [Table of Contents]

Japanese Society of Psychosomatic Medicine

References:  7

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Codes

  • NII Article ID (NAID) :
    110006386525
  • NII NACSIS-CAT ID (NCID) :
    AN00121636
  • Text Lang :
    JPN
  • Article Type :
    Journal Article
  • ISSN :
    03850307
  • NDL Article ID :
    8818742
  • NDL Source Classification :
    ZS31(科学技術--医学--精神神経科学)
  • NDL Call No. :
    Z19-26
  • Databases :
    CJP  CJPref  NDL  NII-ELS