口腔に関する医学思想史の一考察 : 古代医学, アラビア医学, 中世医学の関連性

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  • A Study on Historical Beliefs about the Oral Cavity : The Relationship Among Ancient, Arabian, and Medieval Medicine

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Many valuable Greek medical and scientific books were introduced to Arabia towards the eighth and ninth centuries, and around the twelfth century, Greek and Arabian books, translated into Latin, were transferred to Western Europe from Arabia. This process was historically significant for the development of medicine in Western countries. The aim of this paper is to study the relationships among historical beliefs about medicine during these phases, focusing on the oral cavity. For this study, I shall refer to three great persons in the medical firmament: Claudius Galen, a Greek doctor in the Roman Empire, Avicenna, an Islamic physician and philosopher, and St. Hildegard von Bingen, a nun and the first female German doctor in the twelfth century. Many historical medical books tend to indicate that the authority of Galen delayed the progress of medicine in Europe quite a lot, and it is certain that few changes in curative methods for oral cavity ailments were implemented during the approximate millennium ranging from Galen through Avicenna to St. Hildegard. However, we should realize that this is a superficial consideration. As a result, we should recognize that the philosophical principles behind their therapeutic methods were definitely augmented according to their views of religion and life.

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