抄録
本研究の目的は,出産に対する自己効力感を高める援助の1つとして妊婦運動が有効かを検討することである。研究対象は,妊婦水中運動プログラムに参加している初産婦56名と,運動を実施していない初産婦32名で,自記式の質問紙調査を行った。質問項目の中で,出産に対する自己効力感は島田らが開発した尺度を用いた。結果は,運動群と非運動群では自己効力感に有意差はなかった。運動群の中では,累積運動時間が長いほど「体力面でお産に負けない」という項目が有意に高く,累積運動時間が440分以上の群は,440分未満の群より「体力面でお産に負けない」という項目が有意に高かった。1回の運動時間が40分の群は,20分の群より「体力面でお産に負けない」という項目が有意に高く,累積運動時間が長いほど「呼吸法がうまくできる」という項目と結果予期15項目の合計点が有意に高かった。また,運動を続けてきたことに達成感を強く感じる妊婦ほど,自己効力感が高かった。そこで,妊婦運動を継続することで出産に対する自己効力感,特に体力面が高まることが示唆された。有効な運動としては,1回の運動時間を十分に設定し,長期間行うことが大切である。
This study examines the effects of exercise as a means of helping increase women's feelings of self-efficacy in regard to giving birth. The data is from questionnaires filled out by 88 primiparas, 56 of whom were participating in an aquatic exercise program for pregnant women and 32 who were not exercising. A scale for assessing feelings of self-efficacy in regard to giving birth developed by Shimada et al. was used. No significant differences in degree of self-efficacy feelings were found between the exercising and non-exercising group. Within the exercising group, however, positive responses to the selection "Feel physically up to delivering" were significantly higher for subjects having longer cumulative exercise times (greater than 440 minutes total) and for subjects who had longer exercise periods (40 minutes as opposed to 20). Also, positive responses to the item "Can control breathing well" and to the total for 15 choices concerning expectations on outcomes were significantly higher for subjects having longer cumulative exercise times. These results suggest that sustained exercise helps increase women's feelings of self-efficacy about the anticipated delivery of their first children by boosting confidence in their physical stamina. It further shows the importance of setting adequate exercise time to assure its effectiveness.
