Preferential orientation of biological apatite crystallite in original, regenerated and diseased cortical bones

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  • NAKANO Takayoshi
    Course of Materials Science and Engineering, Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
  • ISHIMOTO Takuya
    Course of Materials Science and Engineering, Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
  • LEE Jee-Wook
    Course of Materials Science and Engineering, Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
  • UMAKOSHI Yukichi
    Course of Materials Science and Engineering, Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University

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The bone mechanical function depends on both bone quantity and quality corresponding dominantly to bone mineral density (BMD: density of biological apatite) and other factors, respectively. BMD is correlated with bone strength but accounts for only 60-70% of the variance in the ultimate strength of bone tissue. Thus, new parameters representing bone quality have been investigated so far. Bone has a well-organized microstructure on the nano-scale level and is composed of mineral biological apatite (BAp) and collagen (Col) fibril, providing reinforcement and pliability, respectively. Because BAp crystallizes in an anisotropic hexagonal lattice, mechanical properties of a BAp crystallite should depend on the crystal orientation. Thus, preferential orientation of the BAp c-axis along the extended collagen fibrils in hard tissues must be closely related to the mechanical function of bone and is also utilized as a possible index for evaluating bone quality. In this study, BAp orientation was analyzed as a parameter of bone quality in hard tissues under various conditions such as original, regenerated and diseased bones. Finally, we can conclude that the degree of BAp orientation is a useful parameter to evaluate in vivo stress distribution, nano-scale microstructure and the related mechanical function, the regenerative process of the regenerated bone and to diagnose bone diseases such as osteoarthritis, etc.<br>

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