Formation of hydroxyapatite on ceramics consisting of tricalcium phosphate in a simulated body fluid

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Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) is used as biodegradable bone substitutes. When TCP is implanted in a bony defect, it is gradually decomposed in living body, and finally substituted by living bone tissue. Solubility of α-phase of TCP (α-TCP) is higher than that of β-phase (β-TCP), and hence the degradation of α-TCP is faster than that of β-TCP. Recently, we fabricated α-TCP porous ceramic with continuous pores in the range of 10-50 μm as highly bioabsorbable bone fillers. The rate of bioabsorption was controlled by combination of β-TCP with α-TCP. Although the TCP ceramic is suggested to form hydroxyapatite in a simulated body fluid (SBF), the ability of the apatite formation is affected not only by the phase contents, but also by the porosity of the ceramics. In this study, we fundamentally investigated behavior of the hydroxyapatite formation on α-TCP ceramics with different surface and biphasic TCP ceramic in SBF proposed by Kokubo et al. Hydroxyapatite formation was observed on the surface of the biphasic TCP consisting of α-TCP and β-TCP, after soaking in SBF. The surface of the polished α-TCP ceramic showed the hydroxyapatite formation, but the surface of the as-sintered α-TCP ceramic did not. The polished surface of the α-TCP ceramic acted as a significant parameter on the hydroxyapatite formation in body environment. Thus, the polishing of the surface allows the osteoconductivity due to the potential of the hydroxyapatite formation on their surfaces in body environment.<br>

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