医療従事者に対する職場のストレス対策 : ストレス調査と短時間面接の有用性について  [in Japanese] Short-time Interview and Stress Questionnaire Useful for the Occupational Stress Management of Medical Workers  [in Japanese]

医療従事者に対するストレス質問紙調査と短時間の面接の組み合わせが,職場のストレス対策として有用であるか否かを調査検討した.採用後3ヵ月目に実施した質問紙調査に回答した129名の新人看護師を対象とした.面接は,15〜20分間の1:1形式で平日の16時30分〜18時30分の間に行った.面接の前と終了後に血圧・心拍数を測定し,POMS短縮版質問紙を行い,面接の効果を評価した.面接後に収縮期と拡張期血圧・心拍数は有意に低下した.POMS T得点は「緊張-不安」,「抑うつ」,「怒り-敵意」,「疲労」,「混乱」は有意に低下した.またPOMST得点から求めたプロフィールパターンの変化から,心理的なカウンセリングに導いた例を経験した.以上から客観的な評価ができ,メンタルヘルス不良者の早期発見にもつながり,質問紙調査と短時間の面接を行うことは,職場におけるストレス対策として有用であると考えられた.

Purpose : This is to clarify whether or not the short-time interview combined with the questionnaire is useful to find out the stress states of those working in the medical system. Subjects and Method : Subjects were the newly employed 129 nursing workers of their mean age 22.6 ±1.1 years who answered the questionnaire (Brief Job Stress Questionnaire) given in July, 3 months after starting their work. Simultaneously a person-to-person interview was given for 15〜20 minutes each from 16 : 30 to 18 : 00 in the afternoon of weekdays by the occupational physician. The effect of interview was estimated from the changes in blood pressure and pulse measured before and after the interview and from the results of the profile of moods states (POMS). Results : Sixty-nine nursing workers out of 129 were interviewed. After the interview systolic and diastolic blood pressures and pulse rates decreased significantly. The POMS T scores of the subscales, 'Tension〜Anxiety', 'Depression', 'Anger〜Hostility', 'Fatigue' and 'Confusion' decreased significantly. From the above, objective intervention of the interview was noted effective. Furthermore, it was known feasible to find out a person with unfavorable mental health earlier by use of the result of POMS T scores obtained from the changes in profile patterns before and after the interview, which served as a guideline in giving them psychological counseling. Conclusions : The result of this study indicated a fact that it is useful to cope with stress states of medical giving them a short-time interview with the questionnaire.