小・中学校理科における地層の野外観察の実態(<特集>21世紀の地学教育の深化に向けて)  [in Japanese] Actual condition of outdoor observation of strata in science classes of elementary and junior high schools(<Special Issue> Advancement in the Education Earth Sciences in the Twenty First Century)  [in Japanese]

小・中学校理科における地層の野外観察の実態を明らかにするために,地域ごとに野外観察の実施状況,野外観察を実施できない理由および教員の意識の調査を行った.その結果,実施率には地域ごとに違いがあり,小学校ではO〜71%,中学校ではO〜50%であった.小学校については,基盤となる地質の違いにより実施率に違いがあった.地層の野外観察が実施できない理由として,地層を観察する場所や授業時間,交通手段がないことを挙げる教員が多い.野外観察の代わりに,博物館等の施設を利用する学校は少ない.地層の野外観察はした方が良いと考える教員の割合は小学校では約90%,中学校では約80%であったが,これまで一度も実施したことがない教員は小学校では約30%,中学校では約50%にのぼる.研究者に望む支援の内容として,観察場所の紹介やゲストティーチャーとして研究者の授業への参加を挙げる教員が多い.

To clarify the actual condition of outdoor observation of strata in science classes of elementary and junior high schools, I investigated the situation of enforcement of outdoor observation in 15 districts of Japan, the reasons why teachers could not implement outdoor observation, and the teachers' points of view on outdoor observation. As a result, it became evident that the enforcement rate was different in each district, ranging from 0 % to 50 % in elementary schools and 0 % to 71 % in junior high schools. The different enforcement rates in elementary schools were attributed to the geological conditions of the districts. The teachers who could not implement the observation cited lack of adequate outcrops, short school hours for observation, and the absence of means of transportation to the outcrop as the reasons for the non-implementation of outdoor observation. Instead of outdoor observation, teachers in a few schools took their students on visits to exhibitions in museums. The ratio of teachers who understand the importance of outdoor observation is about 90 % in elementary schools and 80 % in junior high schools. In contrast, the ratio of teachers who implemented the observation is about 30 % in elementary schools and 50 % in junior high schools. Many teachers expected support from researchers in terms of introducing the observation place and partici- pating in their classes as guest teachers.