ストレス・コーピング・スキル尺度の作成 : その信頼性・妥当性の検討  [in Japanese] Measurement of Stress Coping Skills : Reliability and Validity of the Stress Coping Skill Scales  [in Japanese]

本研究の目的は,基本的なコーピング・スキルを測定するための尺度(SCSS)を作成することである.成人644名を対象に64項目の質問表を施行した.因子分析の結果,11の尺度を決定した.尺度は内容から4グループに分類された.(1)ストレス事態への耐性に関するスキル:「情動的ストレス耐性」「悠然的対応」,(2)対人的スキル:「社会的サポートの所有」「社会的サポートの活用」「対人コミュニケーションにおける適切な対応」,(3)攻撃性に関するスキル:「攻撃性の抑制」「自己主張」,(4)どのグループにも属さないスキル:「積極的対応」「環境の変化への迅速な適応」「プラス思考」「問題の洞察・把握」.Cronbachのα係数により信頼性を検討した結果,「悠然的対応」を除く10尺度で十分な信頼性が確認された.α係数0.49の「悠然的対応」は準尺度とした.またUPI学生精神的健康調査およびY-G性格検査成績との関連からSCSSの妥当性を検討した結果,十分な妥当性が確認された.

Objectives : Although coping skills, the ability to cope adequately, are important for stress management, most existent coping scales are aimed at measuring the individual's coping strategies, and do not regard the individual's coping skill per se. In the present study the author drew up Stress Coping Skill Scales (SCSS) which are aimed at measuring individual's basic skills for coping adequately with stress, and examined their reliability and validity. Method : Self-reports comprising 64 basic coping skills were distributed to 644 participants (247 males, 397 females) with an average age of 35.28 years. The results were treated by factor analysis using Promax Rotation. Reliability of the test was examined using the Cronbach's α coefficient. The author used four analyses to check validity : a) correlation analysis between the SCSS scores and the UPI scores ; b) discriminant analysis of the UPI scores (>35, <34) using the SCSS scores ; c) comparison between the two YG type groups (stable : C, D ; unstable : B, E) ; d) discriminant analysis of the two YG type groups using the SCSS scores. Results : Fourteen factors were elicited by factor analysis, but three were eliminated because they had only two items with a loading of over 0.35. Eleven factors are emotional stress tolerance (10 items), positive coping (7 items), aggression self-control (4 items), availability of social support (3 items), prompt acclimation to a new environment (3 items), self-assertion (3 items), utilization of social support (3 items), positive thinking (4 items), effectiveness in interpersonal relations (4 items), timeliness (3 items), and grasp of, and discernment in problematic situation (3 items). Ten scales of SCSS had an adequately high reliability (0.58-0.84), and Cronbach's α was 0.49 for timeliness, so that it could be treated as a quasi-scale. The UPI score, which expresses the level of mental health, and the SCSS's seven scales were significantly correlated. Also, t-tests indicated that the C-and D-type participants in YG had significantly higher scores in SCSS's eight scales than the B and E types. Discriminant analyses suggested that SCSS can discriminate the mentally unhealthy participants according to UPI from the healthy, and tell the unstable participants (B and E types in YG) from the stable (C and D types). Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that SCSS is a useful scale with high reliability and validity, though there was one quasi-scale of 0.49 in the reliability coefficient.