Studies of Ephedra Plants in Asia. Part 4. : Morphological differences between Ephedra sinica Stapf and E. intermedia Schrenk et C.A.Meyer, and the botanical origin of Ma-huang produced in Qinghai Province

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金沢大学医薬保健研究域薬学系

マオウ科のEphedra sinica Stapf, E. intermedia Schrenk et C.A.Meyerおよび中国産のE. distachya L.の種間差を明らかにする目的で,中国の主として内蒙古自治区と青海省で採集したマオウ属植物を外部および内部形態学的に検討した。その結果,E. sinicaと中国産のE. distachyaは同一種であること,E. sinicaとE. intermediaは内部形態的に茎の皮層中の繊維束数と髄中の繊維数の2要素を考慮することにより明確に区別できること,この形質によってこれら2種に由来する市場品や毬果のない押葉標本の種同定か可能であること,E. sinicaが分布するとされる青海省東部で採集したマオウ属植物はすべてE. intermediaでありE. sinicaは確認できなかったこと,青海省産E. intermediaの毬果のない小型株がE. sinicaと同定されたと考えられること,よって青海省東部の竜羊峡地区などで採集される麻黄の原植物はE. intermediaと考えられること,などが明らかになった。 Ephedra plants collected mainly in Inner Mongolia and Qinghai Province, China, were studied morphologically to clarify the specific differences between E. sinica Stapf, E. intermedia Schrenk et C.A.Meyer, and E. distachya L. recorded in China. The results obtained were as follows: E. sinica and E. distachya recorded in China were the same species; E. sinica and E. intermedia could be stem-anatomically distinguished from each other by examining both the number of fiber bundles in the cortex and the number of fibers in the pith into account, and the species of commercial samples of Ma-huang as well as sterile herbarium specimens that include no cones were identified by this method; All Ephedra plants collected in the eastern region of Qinghai Province, where E. sinica was reported to be distributed, were identified as E. intermedia; The limited plant of E. intermedia without cones collected in the east of Qinghai Province might possibly have been identified as E. sinica in the past; The plant origin of the Ma-huang produced in Qinghai Province, which is collected in the eastern regions such as Longyangxia district, was thought to be E. intermedia.

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