抄録
母子関係を測定するスケールはいくつか報告されているが,出産後早期の母子相互作用を評価する方法はいまだ確立されていない。Kayeは,生後2週までの新生児の哺乳に特徴的な吸啜休止に対する母親の「揺らし」に着目することの重要性を指摘している。そこで,本研究では母子の行動観察を用いて児の吸啜休止に対する母親の働きかけを時系列的に分析し,その関連性について検討することを目的とした。対象は初産の母子4組で,研究協力の承諾を得て出産後4日の授乳場面をビデオで撮影した。撮影した映像は母親行動と児行動にコーディングし,イベントレコードを作成した。分析は各母親行動の頻度に加え,児の吸啜休止後に母親行動が出現する順序(事象連鎖),児の吸啜休止後に母親行動が生じるまでの時間(時間連鎖),自己相関,相互相関などについて時系列的に試みた。結果,新生児の吸啜休止は母親の働きかけを引き出し,母親は児の吸啜を引き出すといった相互の関係が形成されていた。しかし,母親によって行動出現の順序性や反応時間の差異が認められた。以上から,新生児の吸啜休止に対する母親の働きかけは産褥早期の母子相互作用をとらえる一側面になりうることが示唆された。
Various assessment scales have been reported for the mother-infant relationship, but methods for the evaluation of this relationship in the early postpartum have not been established. Kaye indicated the importance of "jiggling" by the mother in response to a halt in sucking(pause), which is characteristic of newborn infants. In this study, we observed the behaviors of mothers and newborn infants, and performed sequential analysis of the reactions of mothers when their infants stopped sucking to examine their relationships. The subjects were 4 primipara-infant pairs. After consent was obtained, we observed the mother-infant pairs during breast-feeding 4 days after delivery using a videotape recorder. The mothers' and infants' actions were independently coded, and event records were produced. We attempted to analyze the frequency of actions of the mothers, their order after the infants stopped sucking(event sequence), interval between the pauses and mother's actions(time sequence), and their auto and cross-correlations. It was found that a discontinuation of sucking caused a response by mothers, and this response induced further sucking by the infants, indicating the presence of a mutual relationship. There were some differences in the sequence of actions and response time between the mothers. These results suggested that reactions of mothers when their infants stop sucking are a parameter of the mother-infant relationship in the early postpartum.
