ヤモメ :キリストキョウ フクシ ノ ホウガ

伊藤, 明生, Ito, Akio

使途の働き6章で、ヘレニストたちは、やもめたちの配給のことで苦情を申し立てた。初期のキリスト教会にはやもめのための福祉制度があった。やもめ、孤児、在留異国人に十分に敬意を払うという聖書の伝統に起源を辿ることができる。二つの伝統の流れをテモテへの手紙第一5:3-16のやもめについての指示に認めることができる。一つは、社会正義を強調する聖書的伝統である。もう一つは、十戒の第五戒「父と母とを敬え」である。「兄弟」という表現からわかるように、キリスト教会は自らを疑似家族とみなしてきた。パウロはテモテに年配者は父、母として、若い男女は兄弟姉妹として敬うように指示している。そういう意味で、真のやもめを敬うように、とのパウロの指示は第五戒の延長線上にある。やもめのための制度の内実が如何なるものであったか詳細は、不明である。

Acts 6 refers to the complaint from the Hellenists that their widows were neglected in the daily distribution of food, i.e., literally, the daily ministration. There seems to have been some sort of welfare program for widows in the very beginning of the early Christian Church. Its origin can be traced back to the biblical tradition of paying sufficient respect to widows, orphans and resident aliens. There seem to be two strands of biblical tradition intertwined in Paul's instruction concerning widows to Timothy found in I Tim. 5:3-16. The one concerns the biblical insistence on social justice, which is undoubtedly conspicuous throughout the Old Testament. The other is an extension of the fifth commandment of the Decalogue, i.e., "Honor your father and mother. Christian churches regard themselves as pseudo-families, which is evident in the address form of `brothers'. Paul encourages Timothy to respect his elders as fathers and mothers, and younger men and women as brothers and sisters (I Tim. 5:1, 2). Paul's instruction to honor true widows (I Tim. 5:3) is reminiscent of the fifth commandment. Because Paul provides Timothy only with the conditions for the `true widows' for whom the church should care, little can be known specifically concerning the welfare program for widows. Even the expression in Acts 6, which is usually understood as referring to daily distribution of food, simply means `daily service,' which can include any service besides food distribution.

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ヤモメ :キリストキョウフクシノホウガ

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