Social Cost/Probability Scaleの開発 : Cost/Probability biasが社会不安に与える影響  [in Japanese] The Development of the Social Cost Probability Scale : The Effect of Cost/Probability Bias on Social Anxiety  [in Japanese]

本研究では,社会不安障害の維持要因である,Cost/Probability biasを測定するSocial Cost/Probability scale (SCOP)を作成し,Cost/Probability biasの社会不安に与える影響について検討を行った.大学生362名を対象に質問紙調査を行い,「対人コミュニケーション」と「一般的社会的状況」の2因子からなるSCOPが作成された.さらに,SCOPの各因子についてクラスター分析を行ったところ,High Costクラスター,High Probabilityクラスター,Low Cost/Probabilityクラスターに分類された.分散分析を行った結果,High Costクラスターの社会不安の高いことが明らかにされた.以上から,SAD症状の改善にCost biasを低減させる認知療法などのアプローチの可能性が示唆された.

Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is known as the most common type of Anxiety Disorder. Cognitive and cognitive behavioral models of SAD have proposed that negative interpretation of social situations maintain SAD symptoms. Related to negative interpretations, the Cost/Probability bias is considered to be a maintaining factor of SAD symptoms. In this study the Social Cost/Probability scale (SCOP) was developed and the effects of the Cost/Probability bias on social anxiety were investigated. Undergraduate students (n=362) completed a set of questionnaires: the SCOP; the Short Fear of Negative Evaluation scale (SFNE); the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS); the Social Phobia Scale (SPS); and the Self-Rated Depression Scale (SDS). Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the SCOP consisted of two factors that were named: "Communication" and "General social situation." The Cronbach's α coefficient of each factor indicated that the SCOP had a high internal consistency. Correlation analysis between each scale revealed that each factor of the SCOP was associated with the SFNE, the SIAS, the SPS, and the SDS. The results of cluster analysis indicated that each factor of Cost/Probability bias was composed three clusters: High Cost cluster, High Probability cluster, and Low Cost/Probability cluster. The one-way ANOVA by clusters indicated that the High Cost cluster had higher scores on the SFNE, the SIAS, the SPS, and the SDS. These results indicated that the SCOP had sufficient validity and reliability as a psychological measure of the Cost/Probability bias of SAD. Furthermore, the results also indicated that High Cost. bias had a strong effect on SAD symptoms and depression. Based on these findings, it is suggested that cognitive therapy based on Cost bias would be effective in improving SAD symptoms.