ペスタロッチ受容の方法と問題 : 高嶺秀夫と石井十次・留岡幸助の人間把握の対比をめぐって

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  • ペスタロッチ ジュヨウ ノ ホウホウ ト モンダイ タカネ シュウフ ト イシイ ジュウジ リュウオカ コウ ジョ ノ ニンゲン ハアク ノ タイヒ オ メグッテ

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In the history of modern Japanese educational thought, the Pestalozzian movement was once influential throughout the nation. This was during the Meiji period. Originally Pestalozzi had a unique structure of thought composed of a profound understanding of man based upon Christian concepts (though he was influenced by Rousseau), a deep interest in helping poor children to realize their true humanity in spite of the distorted conditions of their existence, and a new educational method or technique of accomplishing this. However the technique of Pestalozzianism has often been adapted without the underlying philosophy of concern for humanity. Takamine Hideo, a graduate of Fukuzawa's Keio and later a principal of Tokyo Normal School and promoter of Pestalozzianism, was educated at Oswego Normal School which had adapted "Pestalozzianism" with its special emphasis on the method of "object lessons ". This method was introduced through England which had a unique emphasis on pedagogical techniques, and whose methods easily spread all over America in the time of industrial growth after the Civil War. In this paper I intend to re-examine and analyze the nature and problem of the type of liberal education which was labeled as the "Pestalozzian movement" and which was regarded as contradictory to nationalistic education in modern Japan, but which as a technical method of education, having been cut off from its spiritual root, was rather easily integrated with the moral education based upon Confucianism and Emperor worship and with the Japanese mythical view of history. I also contrasted this kind of adaptation with the educational thought of two Japanese Christian educators: Ishii Jyuji, the founder of the Okayama Orphanage, and Tomeoka Kosuke, the founder of the "family school" for juvenile delinquency, who in their understanding of man, their basic motive and method of education had much in common with that of Pestalozzi, although they have been almost entirely neglected in the history of modern educational thought in Japan.

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