皮膚機能ノ免疫學的研究 : 第1編 經膚免疫ニ關スル研究

石川 亮三

Because of the lack of pain and reaction percutaneous immunization has been applied for a long time. The absorbed dossage of the antigen and antigenus substance by this method, however, was believed to be much smaller than that of the non-percutaneous immunization and was not concerned generally with it. Since the investigation of the cuti immunite was published by A. Besredka (1923) the percutaneous method was aknowleged generally as not to be despised. There have been two currents of opinion of the perctaneous immunization. The one maintains that the immunization occurs at the very local skin and no farther (Block, A. Besvedka, Miller, Ono etc.), and the other insists that the immunization arises not only at the local skin, but also generally in body and produces the anti-body in the blood (Hoffmann, Kasten, Kluchin et Wigodschikoff, Stahl et Winkler, Reiter et Kurokawa, Nagaoka, Nagai, Hanaoka etc.) The author who has studied the function of the skin immuniologically for years wants to add some supplementary observations and revisions to this opinion and is anxious to apply successfully the percutaneous immunization clinically. Test 1: The percutaneous immunization studied with the antigen-ointment, in which lanolin was used as ointment base. (i) Lanolin ointment including concentrated typhoid fever vaccine (same dose of adeps lanae anhydricus and centrifugalized sediment of typhoid fever vaccine were well mixed.) Healthy adult male white rabbits of approximately two Kg were fixed in a dorsal position and the hair of the abdominal part was cut with a pair of scissors as closely as possible and with utmost care so as not to give any wound detectable through a magnifying-glass. On the constant area (six by nine cm.) of the very abdominal parts the above mentioned ointment of the constant quantity (ten g.) was applied (a) without any preliminary treatment or (b) preliminarily rubbed three times slightly with cotton saturated with petroleum-benzine. The author naturally took care that the test ointment which had been applied was not licked off the animals. He also used an alkaline-vaccine ointment, tentatively, including 1% KOH within the above mentioned ointment. Both the application of the ointment and the preliminary treatment were repeated for four days. Blood was taken from each rabbit every other day and the worth of agglutinine against typhoid-bacillus was determined from the active serumm over a period of thirty days. It was proved that the production of the anti-body against typhoid bacillus was much more abundant in the rabbits with the preliminary treatment than in those without it. It showed more rapid production of the anti-body in the application of the alkaline-vaccine ointment than in the application of the vaccine ointment in some degree as shown in fig. 1. (ii) Lanolin ointment including healthy horse serum, the rate of mixture both of adeps lanae anhydricus and healthy horse serum being 6:4. The constant area of the experimental abdominal parts of rabbits, whose condition being as written in (i) received an application of the above mentioned ointment of constant quantity (ten g.) (a) without any preliminary treatment or (b) preliminarily rubbed five times slightly with cotton saturated with petroleumbenzine. The fomentation with healthy horse serum of constant quantity (four cc) (c) without any preliminary treatment and (d) with slight rubbing for five times with cotton saturated witti petroleum-benzine was also examined. Both the fomentation with serum and the preliminary treatment were repeated for four days. Blood was taken from each rabbit every four days and the worth of praecipitine against the horse-serum was determincd up to twenty eight days. The results were to be seen in fig. 2. It was found that the production of the anti-body against the horse serum was very little in cases of the application of the ointment, to say nothing of the case of the fomentation of the serum itself. The production of the anti-body, on the contrary, was plentiful in every case with preliminary treatment with petroleum-benzine. Test 2: The influence of the injection of the nerve poisons upon the pereutaneous immunization. After the application of lanolin ointment as cited in Test 1, (i) on the constant area of the experimental abdominal parts of rabbits, whose condition being as written in the same place, the animals received a subcutaneous injection of (a) physiologic salt solution (b) 1% solution of pilocarpinum sulfuricum (c) 0,1% solution of atropinum hydrochloricum or (d) 0,02% solution of adrenalin chloride, the quantity of the nerve poisons being 0,5cc pro kg. The injection was given on alternate days up to four times. Then the blood was taken from each rabbit every other day and the worth of agglutinine against typhoid-bacillus was determined from the active serum over a period of twenty days. The results obtained were as shown in fig. 3. The production of the antibody against typhoid-bacillus was abundant in cases of (b), while it was less in cases of (c) and (d) than in casas of (a). Test 3: The influence of the preliminary rubbing with organie solvents upon the percutaneous immunization. The author adopted 1) lanolin ointment with concentrated typhoid fever vaccine as noted in Test 1, (i) and lanolin ointment with immunoserum of typhoid as the test objects, the ratio of the mixture both of adeps lanae anhydricus and immunoserum of typhoid being 6:4. The constant areas of the abdominal parts of each group of rabbits, in the condition stated in Test 1, were rubbed five timer slightly witti aq. Baelzi which includes 25% of glycerine and 0,5% of KOH and is popular as a sort of astringent lotion in our country, ether, petroleumbenzine or benzene individually. A row of rabbits then received an application of a constant dose of 1., and another row of rabbits received an application of a constant dose of 2. respectively. It was found that the production of the anti-body in the blood against typhoid-bacillus was most abundant in the group preliminarily treated with benzene, less in the group preliminarily treated with petroleum-benzine, still less in the group preliminarily treated with ether, and least in the group previously treated with aq. Baelzi both by the active and passive immunization, as shown in fig. 4 and 5. Judging from the results obtained by the author it is believeable that the slight rubbing with some organie solvents stated above or some lotion which makes the skin swell in some degree such as aq. Baelzi promotes the percutaneous absorption and accelerates the pereutaneous immunization accordingly. At the same time, it seems to explain the reason why the former opinions have differed in regard to the percutaneous immunization. If the antigens infiltrate into the epithelial lymph at all, it is easily understandable that the antigens will surely be absorbed into the circulation of blood. And if the absorbed dose of the antigens were plentiful enough to testify by the methods of the former investigators, the possibility of the general immunization through the percutaneous way would be recorded. It may not be proper, however, to conelude the impossibility of the general immunization, if one is unable to detect au increase of the anti-body in blood, as the absorbed dose of the antigens may sometimes be too little to prove the occurance of the general immunization. From this point of view, the author wishes to support the opinion of Hoffmann, Kasten, etc.; namely, that immunization arises not only at the local skin, but allo generally in body. As for the influence of the nerve poisons upon the percutaneous immunization, the author is of opinion that the vagotony promotes the establishment of the imununization, while the sympatheticotonia restrains it.

皮膚機能ノ免疫學的研究 : 第1編經膚免疫ニ關スル研究

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