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Abstract
セイヨウミツバチにナスの花香成分と砂糖水の報酬を連合学習させることで,ナスへの訪花を促進させる方法を検討した.ナスの花香成分を固相マイクロ抽出法とGC/MS分析を組み合わせて解析した結果,ナスの花全体および花粉から発散される主要な香気成分としてgeranylacetoneが同定された.Geranylacetoneの匂いに対するセイヨウミツバチの学習能力を調査するため,セイヨウミツバチ群にgeranylacetoneを添加した砂糖水を実験前日の夕刻に巣内給餌することで条件付けを行い,geranylacetoneを添加した砂糖水,linaloolを添加した砂糖水および単なる砂糖水の3つの餌場を設置し,放飼した.その結果,geranylacetoneを添加した砂糖水の餌場に,採餌蜂が誘引される傾向がみられた.Geranylacetoneを添加した砂糖水を巣内給餌することで条件付けしたセイヨウミツバチ群をそれぞれナスの栽培ハウスへ放飼したところ,供試した全ての群(12群)において,採餌蜂は放飼当日から翌日にはナスへの訪花を開始した.一方,対照とした単なる砂糖水を給餌したセイヨウミツバチ群は,供試した12群のうちの5群は放飼当日から翌日にナスへの訪花を開始したが,他の7群では2日後以降の訪花開始となった.これらのことから,セイヨウミツバチにナスの主要な花香成分であるgeranylacetoneと砂糖水の報酬による条件付けを行うことで,ナスへ早く安定して訪花させることができると考えられた.
A method to promote flower visiting by honeybees Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera; Apidae) on eggplants was examined by conditioning honeybees to associate eggplant floral scents with sugar-water rewards. The fragrance components of eggplant floral scents were analyzed by coupling solid-phase micro-extraction techniques and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main fragrance component of the whole flowers and pollen of eggplants was identified as geranylacetone. The effect of scents on foraging preferences was investigated by feeding honeybee colonies with sugar water including geranylacetone during the evening before the test day. Foraging honeybees from geranylacetone-conditioned colonies tended to visit feeding sites with geranylacetone scent more than feeding sites with linalool scent and only sugar water. Twelve geranylacetone-conditioned honeybee colonies were placed in eggplant greenhouses. Foraging honeybees from all 12 colonies started visiting eggplant flowers the following day. Unconditioned colonies fed only sugar water were tested as a control. In 5 of 12 unconditioned colonies, foraging honeybees started visiting eggplant flowers the following day. In the other 7 unconditioned colonies, foraging honeybees waited more than 2 days before starting to visit eggplant flowers. We conclude that conditioning honeybees to associate geranylacetone-the main fragrance component of eggplant floral scents-with sugar-water rewards promotes flower visiting.
Journal
- Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology [List of Volumes]
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Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology 53(1), 21-28, 2009-02-25 [Table of Contents]
Japanese Society of Applied Entomology and Zoology